[Home ] [Archive]    
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
IJRR Information::
For Authors::
For Reviewers::
Subscription::
News & Events::
Web Mail::
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
ISSN
Hard Copy 2322-3243
Online 2345-4229
..
Online Submission
Now you can send your articles to IJRR office using the article submission system.
..

AWT IMAGE

AWT IMAGE

:: Volume 3, Issue 4 (March 2006) ::
Int J Radiat Res 2006, 3(4): 163-169 Back to browse issues page
Free hydroxyl radical dosimetry by using 1 MHz low level ultrasound waves
A.H. Barati , M.Mokhtari -Dizaji , H.Mozdarani , S.Z. Bathaei , Z.M.Hassan
Abstract:   (14780 Views)

  ABSTRACT

Background : In order to quantify effects of ultrasound irradiation parameters under therapeutic condition, especially sonodynamic therapy, it is initially necessary to evaluate inertial cavitation activity in vitro conditions therefore, in this study, the effect of 1 MHz low level ultrasound based on °OH radicals generated by acoustic inertial cavitation in aqueous solution was monitored by their reaction with terephthalic acid (TA) to produce fluorescent 2-Hydroxyterephthalate acid (HTA) by spectrofluorometry method (Terephtalic acid dosimetry).

  Materials and Methods: The study was designed to measure hydroxyl radicals in a field near to 1 MHz sonotherapy probe in progressive mode and low level intensity. The effect of ultrasound irradiation parameters (1MHz) containing duty factor, mode, intensity ultrasound and, time sonication in hydroxyl radical production have been considered. After preparation of solution of dosimetry and plotting calibration curve of spectrofluorescence, the effect of mode of sonication (continuous and pulsating), duty factor (20-80%), intensity (0-2 W/cm2, with step of 0.5 W/cm2), and sonication time (0-60min with step time of 10min) without increasing temperature to more than 3°C to determine the effective exposure in low level ultrasound were evaluated. The fluorescence intensity of TA solution before and after irradiation, in all cases was measured, and the results were reported as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).

  Result : The result of experiments related to sonication mode for 1MHz ultrasound irradiation (2 W/cm2) show that continuous mode of sonication is 29% higher fluorescence intensity than the pulse mode in 80% duty cycle for sonodynamic therapy. With compensation of irradiation time for 1MHz sonication in different duty cycles, fluorescence intensity in continuous mode is 22% higher than the pulse mode in average. The amount of hydroxyl radicals production versus ultrasound intensity, and sonication time show with increasing intensity or sonication time in continuous mode, the hydroxyl radical production is linearity increased (R=0.99).

  Conclusion: The results show that the terephthalic acid dosimetry is suitable for detecting and quantifying free hydroxyl radical as a criterion of inertial cavitation production over a range of condition in medical ultrasound fields.

Keywords: Low level ultrasound, cavitation, terephthalic acid dosimetry, free hydroxyl radical dosimetry
Full-Text [PDF 186 kb]   (4595 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Research | Subject: Medical Physics
Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA


XML     Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

A.H. Barati, M.Mokhtari -Dizaji, H.Mozdarani, S.Z. Bathaei, Z.M.Hassan. Free hydroxyl radical dosimetry by using 1 MHz low level ultrasound waves. Int J Radiat Res 2006; 3 (4) :163-169
URL: http://ijrr.com/article-1-188-en.html


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (March 2006) Back to browse issues page
International Journal of Radiation Research
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.05 seconds with 50 queries by YEKTAWEB 4645