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Showing 4 results for Hart
Dr. R.k. Purohit, A. Chakrawarti, K.m. Bhartiya,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2007)
Abstract
Background: In the present investigation radiation and cadmium induced biochemical changes in the kidney of Swiss albino mice have been studied. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, adult male Swiss albino mice (6-8 weeks old) were divided into four groups. Group I (sham-irradiated), Group II (treated with CdCl2 solution 20 ppm), Group III (irradiated with 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 Gy gamma rays), Group IV (both irradiated with 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 Gy gamma rays and treated with CdCl2 solution). The animals were autopsied after 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days of treatment. The kidney was taken out and different biochemical parameters, such as total proteins, glycogen, cholesterol, acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, DNA and RNA were estimated. Results: In irradiated animals, the values of total proteins, glycogen, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase activity and RNA increased continuously up to day-7 and decreased thereafter up to day-28. The changes were dose dependent. In CdCl2 treated animals, the values of glycogen and total proteins decreased during the early intervals and increased thereafter whereas the values of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and RNA increased during early intervals and decreased thereafter. The values of cholesterol and DNA showed decrease in all the experimental groups (except group I) up to day-7 and increase thereafter up to day-28. After combined treatment also, the parameters followed the same pattern of increase and decrease, but the changes were more pronounced indicating their synergistic effect. The biochemical parameters showed highly significant values (P<0.001) as compared to normal ones. Conclusion: These results indicate that combined treatment of cadmium and gamma radiations causes synergistic or additive effect.
A. Chakrawarti, Dr. R.k. Purohit, M. Agarwal, P. Joshi, A. Basu, K.m. Bhartiya, A. Bhardwaj,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background: Protective effect of Emblica against
radiation and cadmium induced biochemical changes in
mouse kidney has been studied. Materials and Methods:
Adult male mice were divided into seven groups: I (shamirradiated),
II (cadmium chloride), III (irradiated with 2 Gy
gamma rays), IV (radiation and cadmium chloride), V
(Cadmium chloride and Emblica), VI (radiation and
Emblica), VII (radiation, cadmium chloride and Emblica).
The animals were autopsied after 1-28 days of treatment.
The kidney was taken out and different biochemical
parameters such as total proteins, glycogen, cholesterol,
acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity,
DNA and RNA were estimated. Results: The value of glycogen,
RNA, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase
activity increased up to day-14 in non drug treated groups
and day-7 in the Emblica treated groups and thereafter
decreased up to the last autopsy interval. The value of
cholesterol and DNA decreased up to day-14 in non drug
treated groups and day 7 in the drug treated groups then
increased in all the groups. In groups III, IV, VI and VII the
value of total proteins increased during early intervals and
decreased thereafter, but the animals of groups II and V,
which were given only cadmium chloride with or without
Emblica, showed an opposite trend. The biochemical
parameters showed highly significant values (p<0.001) as
compared to normal ones. Conclusion: Results indicated
that combined treatment of radiation and cadmium
chloride exerts synergistic effect. The drug treated animals
showed less severe biochemical changes and an early and
fast recovery, which may be due to protection provided by
Emblica. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2010 8 (1): 3-10
Kh. Masood, A. Ullah, A. Hussain, Kh. Mahmood, G.r. Hart, Ph.d., W. Muhammad,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background: Dosimetry audits have an important role to safely deliver the prescribed radiation dose to the cancerous area. It not only maintains and improve the treatment standards but also identify issues that are potentially harmful to the patients. This article presents the results of a comparative study of beam output measurements of a high-energy photon beam emitted from a medical linear accelerator. Materials and Methods: The measurements were performed by an International Atomic Energy Commission (IAEA) Quality Assurance/Quality Control survey mission (level-I dosimetry), a national Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) experts (level-II dosimetry) and hospital physicists (level-III dosimetry). Glass dosimeters and cylindrical ionization chambers for level I and cylindrical ionization chambers for level-II and -III dosimetry were used in water by following IAEA TRS-398 protocol. Results: The level-I dosimetry results of glass dosimeters and ionization chambers were compared and percent deviations of -0.4 % and 0.3 % were found for 6 and 15 MV-photon beams, respectively. Similarly, level-II and -III dosimetry results with respect to level-I are in good agreement and within the optimum uncertainty level of ±5%. The annual level-II dosimetry quality audits (i.e., from 2010 to 2015) showed that only one dosimetry audit is out of the optimum level set for this study. However, it is within the tolerance level set for level-II quality audit programs (i.e., < ±5%). Conclusion: In conclusion, this article has demonstrated consistent radiotherapy radiation dosimetry results for MV-photons beams. It also showed quantitative information in-line with the currently achieved accuracy and precision of external megavoltage photon beam dosimetry. Furthermore, this study also established a baseline for current routine audits of radiotherapy dosimetry. Studies of this type are essential to appropriately follow the recommendations and procedures of the pertinent dosimetry protocols.
A.p. Muhammad, A.w. Harto, Y. Sardjono, G.s. Wijaya, Z. Ismail, I.m. Triatmok, Y. Kasesaz,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background: Minimizing the radiation side effects in cancer therapy has become one of the major challenges in radiotherapy, especially if the cancer is located in vital organs such as the brain. Negative pi-meson-based therapy is one method of radiotherapy that allows cancer to receive a high radiation dose while the surrounding normal tissue receives a low radiation dose. This research aims to analyze negative pi-meson therapy's dose and irradiation time in glioblastoma multiforme. Material and Methods: Simulation-based research is conducted using the PHITS program. The source used is a negative pion beam with an intensity of 2.5 × 108 pions/second with an energy of 30 MeV to 60 MeV with an interval of 1 MeV. The negative pion energy, which has the maximum dose rate in the cancer target area, was optimized to obtain the weighting factors and irradiation time. The irradiation was carried out in 30 fractions with the dose per fraction of 2 Gy. Results: Irradiation time per fraction obtained was 194.91 seconds. The organ at risks (OARs) analyzed in this research were soft tissue, skin, brain, and cervical spinal cord. The doses received by the OAR are 0.2641 Gy, 0.7645 Gy, 7.3295 Gy, and 0.075 Gy, respectively. Conclusions: In summary, negative pi-meson therapy has the potential to minimize radiation dose to healthy tissue while cancer still receives high-dose radiation. However, it is necessary to compare negative pi-meson therapy and other radiotherapy methods to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each method.
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