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Showing 13 results for Yin

Dr. Mojisola Usikalu, P.p. Maleka, M. Malik, K.d. Oyeyemi, O.o. Adewoyin,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract

Background: Natural radionuclides are always present in the environment. Human exposure to the background radiation is inevitable. It is therefore important to assess health risk associated with these radionuclides. Materials and Methods: The distribution of natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil samples collected from all the twenty (20) local Governments headquarter areas in Ogun state, Nigeria were determined by gamma spectroscopy using a high-purity germanium detector. The measured concentrations were used in estimating the radiological risk pose to people living in these communities. Results: The activity concentrations measured ranged between 3 ± 1 Bqkg-1(Otta) to 27 ± 6 Bqkg-1(odeda) for 238U, 10 ± 1 Bqkg-1(Otta) to 126 ± 6 Bqkg-1(Ijebu Igbo) for 232Th and 7 ± 6 Bqkg-1(Aiyetoro) to 497 ± 1 Bqkg-1(Odeda) for 40K. The mean radium equivalent calculated was 77.6 Bqkg-1 which is lower than 370 Bqkg-1 of the world average and the hazard indices calculated were lower than unity. Conclusion: The absorbed rate and annual effective dose estimated for most of the locations are in good agreement with world average values except for Akomoje, Ake-Abeokuta, Ogere, Ijebu-Igbo and Odeda. 


X. Qin, J. Yin, J. Li, Q. An, J. Wen, Q. Niu,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (4-2016)
Abstract

Background:  Hydrogen has been demonstrated can selectively reduce the hydroxyl, which is the main cause of ionizing radiation-induced damage. Amifostine (AM) is the only radioprotective drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in radiotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the combined radio-protective effect of hydrogen rich water (HRW) and AM. Materials and Methods: Male ICR mice were treated intragastrically with HRW or/and intraperitoneally with AM 30 minutes prior to 9.0 Gy whole body irradiation from a 60Co source (dose rate 0.96Gy/min). Then the survival rate for 30 days, the hematological parameters, the Clinical chemistry parameters and the bone marrow nucleated cells were examined. Results: We found that the mice treated with HRW and AM before irradiation could increase the 30-day survival rate and improve the body weight better than the HRW or AM treatment alone group and irradiation alone group. Hematological test and Clinical chemistry assays also showed the same results that HRW combined AM could better improve the recovery of hemopoietic system and alleviate the detrimental effects of radiation. Conclusion: The results indicate that the combined application of HRW and AM may be a better method for radiation therapy.


N. Yin, Dr. X. Lu, Y. Li,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (4-2017)
Abstract

Background: The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in sand used as building material in Weifang of China were investigated for evaluating the radiation hazard. Materials and Methods: Sand samples were collected from Weifang and their radioactivity levels were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry. The radiation hazard for residents was assessed by radium equivalent activity (Raeq), indoor air absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). Results: The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K ranged from 11.7 to 23.0, 33.6 to 126.1 and 353.2 to 924.8 Bq kg−1 with averages of 15.5, 70.3 and 802.9 Bq kg-1, respectively. All Raeq values were lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg-1. The mean value of D was higher than the world population-weighted average of 84 nGy h-1, while the mean AED and ELCR values were below the internationally accepted values. Conclusions: The use of sand in construction of dwellings is considered to be safe for inhabitants.


Dr. O.o. Adewoyin, M. Omeje, E.s. Joel, O.a. Odetunmibi,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (6-2019)
Abstract

Background: Thirteen (13) types of building tiles and Sharp sand commonly used for building purposes were collected for their radionuclide contents analysis. Both imported and locally produced building tiles were examined.  Materials and Methods: The samples of tiles and sand were crushed to powder and they were prepared such that their content could be examined by the use of gamma-ray spectrometry. Results: The average activity concentration of 238U (60.61 Bq/kg), 232Th (76.55 Bq/kg) and 40K (528.40 Bq/kg) for all the samples were observed to be higher than the world recommended standard of 35, 30 and 400 Bq/kg respectively. The external and internal hazard indexes were estimated for all the building materials, the average results were found to be below the recommended limits. However, samples 3 and 6 reported internal hazard indices of 1.08 and 1.06 respectively, which are higher than the world standard. Furthermore, the estimated absorbed dose rates were observed to be within the recommended safe limits. Moreover, a comparative study of the products revealed that the results of the measured parameters from both India and China products are far higher than Nigeria products by a factor of about 1.34. Conclusion: The results obtained showed the following trend of activity concentration for the analyzed samples, India > China > Nigeria, which implies that a long exposure to both India and China products poses higher risk to the inhabitants.

Y.c. Ying, J.f. Cheng, H. Wang, H.l. Gu, H. Chen, Y. Shao, Y.h. Duan, A.h. Feng, X.l. Fu, Ph.d., H. Quan, Ph.d., Z.y. Xu,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (10-2020)
Abstract

Background: The grading evaluation of atlas based auto-segmentation (ABAS) of organs at risk (OARs) in thorax was studied. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with thoracic cancer were included in this study, and for each thirteen thoracic OARs were delineated by an experienced radiation oncologist. The patients were randomly grouped into the training and the test dataset (20 each). The investigated ABAS strategies included single-atlas (Single), majority voting with 5 atlas matches (MV5) and simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) with 5 atlas matches (ST5). The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), the difference of the Euclidean distance between centers of mass (ΔCMD), the difference of volume (ΔV), maximum Hausdorff distance (MHD) and average Hausdorff distance (AHD) between auto-segmented and manual contours were calculated. Results: Most of the index values (33/65) of ST5 were optimal. There were differences in the grading results for the five indexes. With DSC, five, four and four OARs were graded into Level 3, Level 2 and Level 1, respectively. The mean DSC values ranged from 0.88 to 0.96, from 0.73 to 0.79, and from 0.53 to 0.62 for the Level 3, Level 2 and Level 1, respectively. Conclusion: Grading evaluation of ABAS of thoracic OARs based on the DSC proved to be feasible and relatively more reliable. The thoracic OARs auto-segmentation was divided into three levels based on the DSC. Level 3 OARs can be auto-segmented, Level 2 OARs delineations need to be manually modified after the auto-segmentation, and Level 1 OARs are not recommended for the auto-segmentation.

P. Yang, Z. Chen, Q. Lei, C. Yin, S. Zhang, Z. Wu, Dr. C. Gou,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (4-2021)
Abstract

Background: Current dose algorithms, such as the collapsed cone convolution algorithm and anisotropic analytical algorithm, are widely used in commercial treatment planning systems. Nevertheless, it is difficult to calculate the dose distribution of heterogeneities for small fields by using these algorithms, because of the electronic disequilibrium. However, contemporary treatment uses small beamlets more and more frequently, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy. In this study, a new inhomogeneity method in lung medium for small fields was presented. Materials and Methods: Inhomogeneous lung phantoms for different small fields were established, and different locations and thicknesses of lung media in inhomogeneous phantoms were also considered. The Monte Carlo code EGSnrc was used to calculate the density factor and the percentage depth-dose (PDD) distribution of lung phantoms. The PDDs were also calculated with the new algorithm, and then differences in the PDDs were determined. Results: The comparison shows that there is a good agreement between the new algorithm and the Monte Carlo code in different energy. The discrepancies of the three field sizes were less than 3%. With an increase in field size, the discrepancies were less than 1%. Even with changes in the location and thickness of the lung media in inhomogeneous phantoms, the discrepancies were always less than 1%. Conclusion: The comparative results revealed the effectiveness of the new algorithm in calculating depth-dose distribution, under different conditions, and that it can meet the requirements for calculating percentage depth dose distribution.
 

H. Chen, Q. Jiang, Ph.d., Y. Yin,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract

Background: Often diagnosed at late stages, ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of global cancer death. Major therapeutic choices include debugging surgery followed by chemotherapy and adjuvant therapy. Bevacizumab is an anti-VEGF medication used to treat various malignancies such as colorectal, lung, and renal cancer. The combination therapy of bevacizumab with other platinum-based medications has proved promising. Thus, researchers sought to evaluate the clinical efficacy of intraperitoneal bevacizumab combined with intravenous paclitaxel and cis-platinum and their subsequent effect on blood levels of VEGF, MIF, and CA125. Materials and Methods: Ninety patients diagnosed with late-stage ovarian cancer were enrolled. Patients were divided into control and experimental groups receiving intravenous and combination chemotherapy, respectively. Clinical efficacy and alterations in tumor markers blood levels were afterward compared between the two groups. Results: Combination therapy elicited significantly higher response and total effectiveness rates with a p-value of 0.015 and 0.002, respectively. Both treatments significantly decreased tumor markers blood levels (p-value<0.05), however, combination therapy significantly induced a more profound reduction (p-value<0.01). Conclusion: Intraperitoneal bevacizumab combination therapy with intravenous paclitaxel and cis-platinum is superior to intravenous chemotherapy alone in treating late-stage ovarian cancer and increases 1- and 2-year survival rates.

Ph.d., H. Zhang, Ph.d., H. Yin, W. Shao,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (10-2022)
Abstract

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a global threat to women’s health. Volumetric intensity modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is effective for the local control of BC. This study evaluated the pulmonary and cardiac radiotherapeutic dosage to provide information for estimating normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) once malignant tumors appear in patients’ left and right breasts. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of VMAT regimen of 40 patients with BC, among whom 20 patients (group 1) were diagnosed with right BC and 20 patients (group 2) with left BC. The pulmonary and cardiac dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters were acquired and compared between patients with left and right BC treated with VMAT. Results: Generally, the pulmonary and cardiac dosages in patients with right BC were larger than in those with left BC. For the lung, the V20 and V5 of right BC patients were significantly higher, relative to the left BC patients (P<0.05). For the heart, the V5 and V10 of right BC patients were significantly lower, compared to left BC patients, with differences of up to 20% and 10%, respectively (both P<0.05). V20, V30, and V40 as low as zero were observed for right BC patients. Conclusions: When treating left BC, image guidance and respiratory management techniques should be applied to limit radiotherapy complications that occur in the heart because of patient positioning and respiratory movement.
 
 
M.sc., D. Ye, H. Yin, C. Geng,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (1-2023)
Abstract

Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare benign illness characterized by numerous smooth muscle nodules over the peritoneal surface of the abdomen and pelvis. It mostly occurs in women of reproductive age, seldom in the postmenopausal women and men. We herein report two DPL cases and both of them took 18F-FDG PET/CT (Fluorine 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography) examination. On PET/CT images, all DPL nodules presented low to moderate metabolism, and the range of SUVmax (standard uptake value) was 1.9 to 4.4. An unusual diagnosis of DPL was difficult to make.

T. Li, W. He, H. Yin, G. Zhong, J. Liu, F. Ge, M. Liu, Ph.d., D. Cheng,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Abstract

Background: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of ground-glass opacities on computed tomography combined with computed tomography                         re-examination in patients with suspected novel coronavirus pneumonia. Materials and Methods: Suspected cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia were identified retrospectively between January 23 and February 18, 2020. Computed tomography examination was conducted for all patients. For all suspected cases, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detection of novel coronavirus nucleic acid was conducted. Computed tomography re-examination in the short term was also performed. Results: Among 92 patients suspected with novel coronavirus pneumonia, 15 were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. There were ground-glass opacities on chest computed tomography in 34 patients, and 8 of these patients were confirmed to have novel coronavirus pneumonia. In total, 30 patients showed no absorption on computed tomography re-examination, of which 10 (10/30) were diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Additionally, 20 patients had non-absorption of lesions when ground-glass opacities on initial and follow-up computed tomography were combined, and 13 of these patients were confirmed to have novel coronavirus pneumonia. For ground-glass opacities on computed tomography combined with non-absorption of lesions on computed tomography re-examination, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of the novel coronavirus were 86.7% and 90.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Among suspected patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia, combining ground-glass opacities on computed tomography with a computed tomography re-examination might improve the accuracy of diagnosis.


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