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Showing 5 results for Psa
Mrs. H. Foroutan, R. Najafi, M.h. Babaei, M. Shafii,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-2008)
Abstract
Background: Immunoradiometric assay is one of
the most common and precise methods for
determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in
clinical laboratories. Usual use of human serum in
routine assays has many disadvantages such as easy
contamination and precipitation, instability and
unavailability. Thus in order to avoid these problems
the artificial matrix was used which acts similar to
human serum. Materials and Methods: In order to
design immunoradiometric assay for prostate specific
antigen, series of standards in different concentrations
were needed for special artificial matrix preparation.
The influence of artificial matrix in standards was
studied to determine prostate specific antigen in
comparison with human serum. Some different
factors, such as the amount of non-specific bonding
(NSB), precision, and accuracy, conditions of storage
and stability of these standards prepared by artificial
matrix were investigated. Results: The most
appropriate artificial matrix (Tris-glycine (25.0 mmol/L)
+ NaCl (75.0 mmol/L) + Tris (12.5 mmol/L) +Triton X-
100 (0.5 ml/L) + HSA (1.2 g/L) + Urea (0.5 mol/L)) for
preparing the standards was selected in comparison
with human serum (HSA) and a commercial kit
standards. HSA and Urea concentration have more
critical influences on the properties of the standards.
The amount of NSB of the selected matrix was the
lowest one, so the selected matrix was the most
suitable for preparing the standards. The results show
the optimum condition of storage duration of our
standards for one year was in refrigerator (2-8°C). It
was observed that preparation of standards with
selected matrix had acceptable accuracy and
precision. Conclusion: According to the results,
standards which were prepared with this matrix had
suitable and appropriate properties and it could be
utilized to prepare PSA standards in
immunoradiometric assay. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2008 6 (1):
51-58
Dr. H.j. Kim, J.h. Phak, W.ch. Kim,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background: stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as an effective treatment for localized prostate cancer. However, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics after SBRT has not been well characterized. The objective of the current study is to analyze the rate of PSA decline and PSA nadir following hypofractonated SBRT in localized prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2008 to 2014, thirty-nine patients newly diagnosed, localized prostate (25.6% low risk, 66.7% intermediate risk and 7.7% high risk) cancer were treated with SBRT using Cyberknife. Total dose of 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions of 7.25 Gy were administered. No one received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). PSA nadir and rate of change in PSA (slope) were calculated and compared. Results: With a median follow-up of 52 months (range, 13-71), the median rates of decline of PSA were -0.372, -0.211 and -0.128 ng/mL/month, respectively, for durations of 1, 2 and 3 years after radiotherapy, respectively. The decline of PSA was maximal in the first year and continuously decreased for durations of 2 and 3 year. The median PSA nadir was 0.28 ng/mL after a median 33 months. There was one biochemical failure, occurring in a high risk patient. 5-year actuarial biochemical failure (BCF) free survival was 94.2%. Conclusion: In this report of localized prostate cancer, continuous decrease of PSA level for duration 1, 2 and 3 year following SBRT using Cyberknife resulted in lower PSA nadir. Also, SBRT leaded to long-term favorable BCF-free survival.
M.d., H.j. Kim, J.s. Lee, W.c. Kim,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (4-2021)
Abstract
Background: Technical advances have allowed the delivery of a higher dose to the tumor volumes, while reducing the dose to nearby organs at risk. Laboratory and clinical evidence suggest that hypofractionation might raise the therapeutic effect. We report our outcomes of moderately hypofractionated schedules with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) on biochemical failure (BCF) free survival and toxicities in patients with localized prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Between 2013 and 2017, 58 patients were treated using the VMAT technique with daily image guided radiotherapy (IGRT). 3 (5.2%), 32 (55.2%), and 23 (39.7%) of patients had low, intermediate, or high risk disease, respectively. A prescription dose of 70 Gy in 2.5 Gy daily for 28 fractions was used. BCF-free survival was evaluated using 2005 Phoenix criteria and estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Radiotherapy-related toxicity was scored according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.0 criteria. Results: The median follow-up was 37.3 months (range 18.8-82.1). Overall 4 year BCF-free survival were 94.0%. For low-intermediate and high risk patients, the 4 year BCF-free survival were 100% and 83.3%, respectively (p=0.027). Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (p=0.016) and Gleason score (p=0.007) were significant predictors of BCF-fee survival. The incidence of late grade 2 gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity was 8.6% and 13.8%, respectively. No grade 3 or greater toxicities were observed. Conclusions: Outcoms after moderately hypofractionated VMAT-IGRT were encouraging. Moderate hypofractionation was effective and safe for the treatment of localized prostate cancer.
M.d., H.j. Kim, J.s. Lee, W.c. Kim,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: We report our long-term outcomes with Cyberknife to deliver hypofractionated SBRT boost combined with EBRT to patients with intermediate to high risk prostate cancer. Materials And Methods: From March 2008 to July 2014, 42 patients with newly diagnosed, intermediate (73.8%, 31) and high risk (26.2%, 11) localized prostate cancer were treated with EBRT and SBRT boost. The whole pelvis dose was 45 Gy (25 fractions of 1.8 Gy) and the SBRT boost dose was 21 Gy (3 fractions of 7 Gy). Results: With a median follow-up duration of 84.2 months (range, 20-139.6), the median PSA decline rates were -0.605, -0.229, -0.166 and -0.094 ng/mL/month, respectively, for durations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 years after radiotherapy and has remained near plateau. Four BCFs were observed only in high risk group. The actuarial 8 year BCF free survival and overall survival were 90.3 % and 83.7 %, respectively. BCF-free survival at 8 years were 100 % and 77.8 % for intermediate and high risk group, respectively (p=0.014). No grade 3 or 4 acute and late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were observed. Acute grade 2 GU toxicities were seen in 23.8 % (n = 10) and acute grade 2 GI toxicities in 21.4 % (n = 9). Late grade 2 GU toxicities were observed in 11.9 % (n = 5) and grade 2 GI toxicities in 14.2 % (n = 6). Conclusions: We demonstrated that SBRT boost after EBRT in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer had favorable outcomes with tolerable toxicities.
Ph.d., T. Takayama, T. Sugihara, T. Kameda, M. Yamazaki, M. Komatsubara, J. Kamei, A. Fujisaki, S. Ando, T. Fujimura,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: We investigated therapeutic outcomes of Radium-223 (Ra-223) treatment in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and bone metastases. Materials and Methods: Outcomes were retrospectively examined in 20 patients starting Ra-223 treatment at a single university hospital from January 2017 to January 2020. Results: Median patient age was 70 years. Median values included prostate specific antigen (PSA) 10.73 ng/ml, PSA doubling time (PSADT) 3.7 months, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 315 IU/L, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 186 IU/L, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) 2.22, and Gleason score 9. Extent of disease (EOD) was 3 or more in 55%, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0 in 80%. 16 patients (80%) completed Ra-223 treatment. Ra-223 was administered in 11 (55%) with ≤ 3 lines of treatment and 9 (45%) with ≥ 4. Concomitant drug was enzalutamide and abiraterone in 6 and 7 patients, respectively. Bone modifier agents (BMA) were used in 11 patients. Symptomatic skeletal events (SSE) occurred in 5 patients and were associated with abiraterone combination. BMA during Ra-223 treatment did not affect SSE. Median overall survival from initiation of Ra-223 treatment was 32.7 months. Prognosis was significantly better with PSADT ≤ 3 months, EOD ≤ 2, no SSE, no opioid use, and completion of Ra-223 treatment. PSA, LDH, NLR, PSADT, and Ra-223 treatment line after mCRPC were associated with Ra-223 completion. Anemia of Grade 3 occurred in 1 patient. Conclusion: Ra-223 treatment is safe, with good prognosis if completed. Combination treatment with abiraterone during Ra-223 treatment may cause SSE.
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