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Showing 5 results for Biomarker

Professor H. Mozdarani, M. Salimi, N. Bakhtari,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2017)
Abstract

About 10% of apparently normal individuals are sensitive to clastogenic effects of physico-chemical agents. More than 45% of breast cancer patients’ exhibit elevated radiosensitivity. Although the nature of inherent radiosensitivity is not fully understood, but insufficiency and impaired DNA repair mechanism might be prime cause of radiosensitivity. This is evident from genetically affected individuals such as ataxia telangiectasia, severe combined immunodeficiency, Xeroderma pigmentasum, Fanconi anemia who show sensitivity to ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light and alkylating agents. All these genetic diseases are caused due to impaired DNA damage repair mechanism. Radiation therapy (RT) is a common and effective way of treatment in several types of malignant tumors. Some cancer patients suffer from side effects of RT such as radiation induced early or late adverse responses in normal tissues within weeks, months, or even years post irradiation, due to intrinsic radiosensitivity. The RT efficiency limitation raises from ionizing radiation toxicity reactions in normal tissues.  An appropriate protocol to prevent or treat these side effects, has not been developed yet. Molecular pathways involved in adverse responses to cancer treatment agents have not been well defined. Identification of molecular mechanisms may be promising to enhance the output of treatment technologies and overall survival of cancer patients. Several techniques such as microarray technology has been used to clarify molecular mechanisms involved in radiosensitivity by finding genes related to RT normal tissue responses. DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle, and growth factor associated genes are the most important candidates in this field.
 

Dr. M. Salimi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (1-2018)
Abstract

Background: Genomic instability is one of primary causes for malignant cell transformation. In this study induced genomic instability expressed as micronuclei in breast cancer (BC) patients with different stages of the disease compared with their unaffected first degree relatives (FDR) and normal unrelated controls was investigated. Materials and Methods: The background and net micronucleus frequency as well as other cellular damages induced after in vitro treatment with 25 µg/ml of bleomycin were evaluated using cytokinesis block micronucleus-cytome assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 120 Iranian individuals comprised of 40 BC patients, 40 FDRs and 40 normal control groups. Considering the protocol for each person total of 1,000 binucleated cells with well-preserved cytoplasm were blind scored on coded slides. Results: The net frequency of micronuclei was dramatically higher in breast cancer patients compared with controls. Also the net micronucleus (MN) frequency was significantly higher in FDRs compared with normal unrelated control. Considering cancer stages and clinical parameters, our results showed that the higher net frequency of MN was observed in higher stages and distant metastasis. Conclusion: This higher MN frequency both background and bleomycin induced in FDR compared with control group, clearly demonstrates that MN frequencies are determined by genetic factors to a major part and MN frequencies represent an intermediate phenotype between molecular DNA repair mechanisms and the cancer phenotype and affirms the approaches that are made to utilize them as predictors’ cancer risk . Also the association between MN frequency and metastasis proposes it as a possible prognostic marker. 

Ph.d., T. Itonaga, R. Mikami, T. Zama, Y. Okada, M. Kurooka, Y. Araki, M. Okubo, S. Sugahara, K. Saito,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract

Background: Radiotherapy has an essential position in the definitive therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, imaging markers with prognostic value are unknown. Here, we determined whether diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before radiotherapy in patients with HNSCC could be useful as outcome predictor for early treatment response. Material and Methods: Thirty-six patients with 86 lesions who underwent definitive radiotherapy for HNSCC were enrolled. The standardized uptake value (SUV) max and mean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) from positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), tumor diameter from CT images, and mean kurtosis (MK) values of DKI from MRI were compared as imaging biomarkers to predict an early response following radiotherapy. A total dose of 70 Gy was administered for all lesions. To determine whether DKI derived from MRI before radiotherapy in patients with HNSCC is useful as a prognostic predictor of early treatment response, patient response was assessed via endoscopy and imaging studies three months after treatment. Results: Correlation between MK mean and SUV max, TGL, MTV, and tumor diameter was not observed; however, significant differences in the imaging parameters were observed for overall response rate (ORR) (CR + PR) for MK mean and TLG; ORR group having significantly higher MK means than the non-ORR group. The MK values significantly correlated with the ORR of radiotherapy. Conclusion: DKI parameters that are measured quantitatively within a short imaging time can be prognostic factors before radiotherapy.

J. Zhou, T. Jiang, Ph.d., Q. Qi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (10-2024)
Abstract

Background: Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich family member with 4 domains (SSC4D) is aberrantly expressed in gastric cancer (GC) based on bioinformatics analysis. However, its function has not been studied in GC. Materials and Methods: The relation of SSC4D with GC patient survival and diagnsois was investigated based on bioinformatics analysis and clinical information from forty-seven patients. SSC4D was silenced by shRNAs and the impact of SSC4D silencing on GC cell proliferaton, migration, and invasion was analyzed. Xenograft nude mice were also used to reveal the function of SSC4D on GC carciogenesis at a pre-clinical level. Results: The knockdown of SSC4D inhibits GC cell malignacy as well as tumorigenesis. Conclusion: SSC4D exerts oncogenic effects on GC cell growth, migration, invasiveness and epithelial cell mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor growth.

M.d. M. Huang, G. Wang, F. Xuan,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2025)
Abstract

Background: This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) following induction chemotherapy (IC) with albumin-bound paclitaxel (ABP) combined with carboplatin, through the analysis of serum biomarkers and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Material and Methods: Ninety-six NPC patients were rolled into Group I (concurrent chemoradiotherapy) and Group II (IC with ABP and carboplatin+concurrent chemoradiotherapy). DCE-MRI scans were utilized to evaluate changes in lesion characteristics. Serum samples were collected to analyze tumor markers including cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), SCC-associated antigen (SCC-Ag), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Toxicities and 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were also assessed. Results: Group II exhibited a markedly higher objective response rate and disease control rate versus Group I (35.4% vs. 58.3%, 50.0% vs. 81.3%, respectively). MRI scans revealed a drastic reduction in the proportion of patients with obvious enhancement of primary lesions, invasion of the base of the skull/medial pterygoid muscle, etc. Serum levels of CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag, CA125, and MDA were greatly decreased, while SOD and GSH-Px activities were notably increased (P<0.05). Group II showed a considerable increase in OS and PFS versus Group I (75.0% vs. 89.6%, 68.8% vs. 83.3%, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion: the combination of ABP and carboplatin has demonstrated enhanced efficacy and improved survival outcomes in patients with NPC, providing new insights and evidence for clinical application.


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