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Showing 7 results for Malignant
Z.h. Peng, W.y. Shi, Z. Xiong, B.s. Zhao, D.z. Zhang, M.q. Wang, W. Song, K. Wang, Ph.d., B. Liu,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background: Percutaneous biliary drainage (PTBD) is a palliative treatment for malignant biliary obstruction. The present study adopted different methods of fixing the drainage tube, aiming to evaluate the efficacy and complications for patients. Materials and Methods: Total 68 patients with malignant biliary obstruction, enrolled from 2015 May to 2018 March, were randomly divided into two groups to perform PTBD. 34 patients in group A were fixed the drainage tube by using the traditional way and 34 patients in group B by using an ameliorated approach. The clinical success rate, level of direct/indirect bilirubin, complications and quality of life of patients were recorded. Results: PTBD was successfully performed on all 68 patients. The direct and indirect bilirubin levels of all patients were significantly decreased at 1-week and 1-month post-surgery (P<0.001). Compared with group A, the level of direct bilirubin in group B decreased more significantly at 1-month after the operation (P<0.05). The quality of life of patients was improved in the two groups at 1-month after the operation (P<0.001). In addition, the rate of early postoperative complications was 38.24% in group B, which was not significantly different from the rate in group A (41.18%) (P>0.05). However, the complication rate of late postoperative in group B (6/34) was significantly less than complication rate in group A (16/34) (P<0.05). Conclusion: PTBD is an effective method of treating malignant biliary stricture. The ameliorated fixing method for the drainage tube in PTBD effectively decreases the incidence of late complications, further improving patient quality of life.
F. Tramacere, A.r. Pisani, E. Maggiulli, M. Moschetta, Ph.d., A. Sardaro, C. Altini, A. Sciacqua, M. Portaluri,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (1-2023)
Abstract
Recent advances in surgical techniques, chemotherapy and radiotherapy led to significant increase in the number of long-term cancer survivors, but on other hand with increased probability of adverse effects, including the development of a secondary malignant neoplasm. This is especially important to consider when there is the need to provide treatment recommendations for patients undergoing radiotherapy keeping in mind the potential risks of toxicity associated with possession of specific genetic variants. We reported the clinical case of a patient in whom rare malignancies associated to genetic mutation have been treated and managed in the best way thanks to the support of radiotherapist. In particular a male patient with positive family history of BRCA2 mutation, developed breast cancer after radiotherapy for a rare tonsillar non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. We highlight that the knowledge of all aspects of the diseases, of all treatments secondary effects, in particular of ionizing radiation in patients with potential genetic risk of toxicity, allowed an optimal management of the case.
Y. Luo, X. Huang, Ph.d., L. Zhou, Ph.d., J. Chen,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background: To investigate the effects of different radiotherapy regimens on the prognosis of patients with brain metastases. Materials and Methods: Patients with brain metastases undergoing radiotherapy from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) group, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) group, and WBRT+SABR group, and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Results: Forty patients were candidates for the analysis, with a median age of 57.5 years and a median follow-up time of 27.4 months. The median OS and PFS were 35.7 and 13.5 months, respectively, and the median radiotherapy dose was 41.7 Gy. The median OS times for patients who received WBRT (n = 12), SABR (n = 21), and WBRT+SABR (n = 7) were 41.8, 70.6, and 56.8 months, respectively (p = 0.7). The median PFS times were 10.2 months, 34.3 months, and 25.9 months, respectively (p = 0.322). Subgroup analysis indicated that the OS times were 25.4 months after WBRT (n = 7), 79.1 months after SABR (n = 11), and 65.9 months after WBRT+SABR (n = 5) among patients with brain metastases from lung cancer (p = 0.028). The patients had PFS times of 7.1, 33.4, and 29.1 months after irradiation with WBRT, SABR, and combination therapy, respectively (p = 0.009). Conclusion: The three different radiotherapy regimens had no significant effects on the prognosis of patients with brain metastases. SBAR was superior to WBRT and WBRT+SABR with respect to the prognosis of patients with brain metastases from lung cancer. The sample size of this retrospective study was small; therefore, larger, prospective studies are needed.
H-F Chen, C-W Xu, W-X Wang, L-C Huang, Md, Ph.d P-E Chen, X-F Li, G. Lan, Z-Q Zhai, Y-C Zhu, K-Q Du, M-Y Fang,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) diagnoses are primarily based on pleural biopsy. Invasive procedures may result in iatrogenic dissemination of tumor cells along the subcutaneous channels. The purpose of our study was to clarify the effect of prophylactic radiotherapy on the incidence of metastasis in patients afflicted with MPM. Materials and Methods: Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from the establishment of the library to February 2022. The quality of the included studies was evaluated, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results: Seven articles were obtained, and 1030 patients were included in the study, which allowed comparison of the procedure to track metastases (PTMs) incidences between radiotherapy and control groups. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the incidence of PTMs between the two groups (OR=0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.33, 0.69, p<0.0001). Subgroup analysis further showed that preventive radiotherapy could effectively reduce the incidence of PTMs in MPM patients who underwent large-caliber invasive procedures but could not reduce the incidence of PTMs after small-caliber invasive procedures. Prophylactic radiotherapy in patients with epithelial PTM types could reduce the incidence (OR=0.27, 95% CI:0.11, 0.69, P=0.006). Conclusion: Prophylactic radiotherapy is safe and can effectively prevent the occurrence of iatrogenic PTMs in patients with epithelial MPM who have undergone thoracotomy, thoracoscopy, indwelling chest wall drainage tubes, and other large-caliber operations.
J. Niu, H. Chen, J. Peng, Ph.d., H. Yuan,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background: Thyroid nodules account for 10-15 % of thyroid cancers or malignancies and ultrasound (US) is the most accurate technique for evaluating thyroid nodules. Ultrasound-based datasets aid in detecting malignancy risk and avoiding Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) biopsy. There are several guidelines for determining thyroid nodules, and ACR-TIRADS (American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems) is the most accurate and widely used. However, very few or no studies have compared various grades of ACR-TIRADS based on benign and malignant nodules. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the predictive risk of malignant cancer in thyroid nodules obtained from an ultrasound dataset based on the ACR-TIRADS classification. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Medline, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica dataBASE), Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for articles published between Jan 2018 to 30 June, 2022, and ultrasound-based datasets were obtained for benign and malignant thyroid nodules based on ACR-TIRADS. Results: Ten articles were included with 12723 total cases of thyroid ultrasound dataset for benign and malignant thyroid nodule classification. The total number of benign was 6641 and the total number of malignant thyroid nodules was 6082 respectively (95 % CI=1.14, 0.75-1.74) with P=0.53. The number of TR4 and TR5 malignancies were 1397 and 3733 respectively (95 % CI=0.42, 0.22-0.83) with P=0.01. Conclusion: The TR4 and TR5 grading of the ACR-TIRADS represents an excellent stratification system for classifying thyroid lesions thereby avoiding biopsies performed on benign nodules.
Ph.d., Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, P. Li, X. Fu, J. Duan, Y. Tang, Y. Ma, M.d., Q. Zhou,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Background: Aurora-A kinase (Aurora-A) serves as an oncogene in many cancers, but whether its expression is linked to the stemness of lung cancer (LC) cells remains obscure. Hence, this study probed the impact as well as mechanism of Aurora-A in affecting the stemness of LC cells. Materials and Methods: Functional assays were implemented to assess the malignant behaviors along with stemness of LC cells. Western blot analysis detected the stemness markers together with the Wnt-β-catenin pathway-linked genes protein levels. TOP/FOP-Flash reporter assay assessed the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as immunohistochemistry analysis of tumor tissues were implemented. Results: Our findings indicated that Aurora-A was up-regulated in LC cells, and silenced Aurora-A hindered LC cell proliferation, migration, invasion along with stemness. Nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription (NPAT) was also high-expressed in LC cells, and was positively modulated by Aurora-A. Silenced NPAT inhibited LC cell malignant behaviors along with stemness. Aurora-A activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promoted LC cell malignant behaviors along with stemness via regulating NPAT. In an established xenograft model, Aurora-A inhibition reduced tumor growth, metastasis along with stemness in vivo. Conclusion: In summary, Aurora-A/NPAT/Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway accelerates LC cell malignant behaviors along with stemness. The modulation of Aurora-A might be an underlying therapeutic approach in LC patients.
S. Qin, R. Li, D. Zhou, M. Li, G. Li, M.d. M. Sun,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2025)
Abstract
Background: Malignant melanoma of the primary parotid gland (PGMM) is extremely rare, and most of the previous reports are case reports. This study describes the clinical and histological characteristics of a single case of PGMM. Materials and methods: The patient was diagnosed following the detection of a mass in the parotid region. Examination of the resected tissue specimens demonstrated cells with copious eosinophilic cytoplasm, significant pleomorphic in the nuclei, and distinct nucleoli. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to measure HMB45, S-100, SOX-10, and Melan-A markers expression in tumor tissue. The clinicopathological features of a series of parotid gland malignant melanomas were analyzed. Results: Despite undergoing surgical intervention, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, this case occurred distant metastases. The patient survived 2 years and 3 months after surgery due to multiple metastases throughout the body. Conclusion: This article reported the clinical characteristics of the case and provided an overview of primary PGMM cases documented over the last three decades.
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