---

A case of intramuscular hemangioma of the right forearm and hand muscle is presented in this study. This tumor may infiltrate the muscle and be misdiagnosed as a malignant neoplasm. The patient, a 14-year-old girl, presented to the clinic with right forearm and hand pain and swelling which began when she was 2 years old and had been gradually increasing in size. Because the mass might have been malignant, in 1990 a biopsy was performed.

Histologic analysis revealed a benign intramuscular hemangioma. A second biopsy at 1992 reported intramuscular hemangioma, mixed type again. She had not received any other treatment. She was seen in March 2003 when the size of the mass had increased and was associated with a dull ache and swelling limited hand movements. The patient subsequently received radiotherapy. Iran . J. Radiat. Res., 2003 1(3): 175 – 179

---

Background: This study consists of two parts. The first part deals with both qualitative and quantitative analysis of ²²⁶Ra using alpha spectrometry measurement method. In the second part, the percentage of radioactive equilibrium between ²²⁶ Ra and its daughter products were determined by alpha spectrometry and total alpha measurement system after elapsed time of 15 days from precipitation.

Materials and Methods: Twelve ²²⁶Ra samples as barium-radium sulfate in form of micro-precipitate on millipore and Whatman #42 filters were prepared. An alpha spectrometer with surface barrier detector and a total alpha measurement system consists of scintillation crystal assembly ZnS (Ag) were used for counting.

Results: The minimum detection limit of alpha spectrometry and total alpha counting for ²²⁶Ra measurements in samples for counting time equal to 10000 seconds, were found to be 3.7 mBq and 15.8 mBq respectively. Results from total alpha counting showed that radioactive equilibrium between ²²⁶Ra and its daughter products reached to about 92%±3.5, where as, in the case of
alpha spectrometry radioactive equilibrium, it was destroyed due to vacuum during counting the sample. Also in case of alpha spectrometry, the optimum sample to detector distance, was found to be 0.5 centimeter.

Conclusion: From this study it was concluded that micro-precipitation can be used as a proper method for sample preparation and alpha spectrometry due to its lower detection limit to measure low concenteration of ²²⁴Ra and ²²⁶Ra in these precipitates, prepared from different samples. Besides it is not time consuming and sources can be measured immediately after sample preparation. Iran . J. Radiat. Res., 2004 2 (1): 41-44

---

Background: Humans beings are continuously exposed to ionizing radiation from natural sources. The main contributors to natural radiation are high-energy cosmic radiation and radioactive nuclides that originates in the earth’s crust. Exposure to high levels of radiation can cause serious health effects. In this study an attempt has been made to monitor the levels of environmental background radiation (gamma) in temples, historical monuments, schools and colleges, hostels, wedding halls and theaters in Mysore and Chamaraj Nagar districts and assess the possible effects on environment and human health. Materials and Methods: Environmental radiation dosimeter is used to measure the outdoor and indoor radiation absorbed dose levels. The measurements were made 1 m above the ground level. Results: Inside the temples it varies from 122.7 to 231.4 nGy.h–1 with a median of 130.1 nGy.h–1 outside the temples it varies from 141.8 to 340.2 nGy.h–1 with a median of 216.2 nGy.h–1. In different types of buildings in indoor atmosphere it varies from 112.2 to 197.5 nGy.h–1 with a median of 127.0 nGy.h–1 and in outdoor atmosphere it varies from 140.9 to 298.4 nGy.h–1 with a median of 216.2 nGy.h–1. Conclusion: The indoor absorbed dose rate is higher than outdoors in all types of constructions. Indoor and outdoor environment of the temples has higher levels of radiation than the historical monuments and other public and private building in Mysore and Chamaraj Nagar districts. Use of additional granite materials inside or outside the building will enhance the absorbed radiation dose levels. The values observed in the study area are comparable with other values observed in different parts of the world.

---

Background: Rad51 is a protein with critical role in double strand break repair. Down-regulation of this protein has a significant effect in radiosensitivity of some cell lines like prostate carcinoma. Compared to monolayer cell culture model, the spheroids are more resistant to radiation. The aim of the current study was to determine the Rad51 protein level in DU145 spheroids, and monolayer cells before and after exposure to gamma irradiation. Materials and Methods: In the present study, western blot was used to determine the level of Rad51 protein in DU145 cell line grown as monolayer and spheroid. Results: Western blot analysis showed that in the spheroid cells, Rad51 had an elevated level before and after radiation in comparison with monolayer cells. Higher doses of radiation induced elevated expression of Rad51 protein in both culture models. The level of at protein after exposure to gamma rays had been timedependent. Conclusion: Rad51 might act as a mediator of radiation resistance in tumor cells. Repression of Rad51 activity could be a prominent strategy to overcome radiation resistance of tumors. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (1): 19-25

---

Background: The exposure of human being to ionize radiation from natural sources is a continuing, inescapable feature of life on earth. Direct measurement of absorbed dose rates in air has been carried out in many countries of the world during the last few decades. Such investigations can be useful for assessment of public dose rates, the performance of epidemiological studies, and keeping reference-data records to ascertain possible changes in the environmental radioactivity duo to nuclear, industrial, and other human activities. Materials and Methods: The measurements of the outdoor and indoor- environmental exposures including cosmic and terrestrial components were accomplished by a portable Geiger Muller detector (RDS -110). The measurements were made during daylight from September to October 2009, in five areas within nine big cities of Lorestan province. In each area, one building was randomly selected for indoor and outdoor measurements. Measurements were made for each region and an average value was used to calculate the exposure rate from gamma background radiation. Results: The results showed the Maximum and minimum outdoor dose rates as 166±44 and 65±8 nSvh^-1 in Borujerd and Pol-e- dokhtar, respectively. The average of outdoor dose rates was determined 113±26 nSvh^-1. Also the maximum and minimum values of indoor dose were 157±52 and 74±14 nSvh^-1 in Borujerd and Pol-e-dokhtar, respectively. The average indoor dose rates were determined as 119±27 nSvh^-1. Conclusion: The average annual effective dose for gamma background radiation in Lorestan province has been 0.72 mSv, with the range of 0.3– 0.6 mSv which was more than the global value (0.48 mSv). A poor correlation coefficient between was observed altitude and absorbed dose rates. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2011 9(2): 89-93

---

Background: Radiotherapy is an established therapeutic modality for prostate cancer. Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant, has been shown to inhibit carcinogenesis and to block the process of tumor initiation and progression. No data is available on the response of cellular spheroid to Reseveratol. In this study we have examined the effect of Resveratol on the radiation response of human prostate cell line DU145 in monolayer and spheroid cultures. Materials and Methods: Radiosensitivity was assessed using viability and colony formation assay. Apoptosis and necrosis were assessed using acridine orange/ ethidium bromide double staining. Results: The colony formation assay did not show any significant radio-sensitizing effect, but apoptosis assay showed significant radio-sensitizing effect of Resveratol on DU145 cells grown as monolayer. In the spheroid cells the results of apoptosis test were not significant and corresponded closely to the result of survival curve. Conclusion: While Resveratol could sensitize DU145 cells in monolayer to ionizing radiation, it did not have any effect on sensitivity of cells cultured in spheroid cultures. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2012 10(3‐4): 177‐181

---

Background: Ghrelin is a hormone related to food intake in rodents and humans, mainly produced in stomach. This study aimed to determine the effect of irradiation on ghrelin concentration in the gastric mucosa of rats. Materials and Methods : Twenty-five rats were exposed to 15 Gy of whole-abdominal irradiation. Gastric tissue samples were obtained 1, 3, 7, 30, and 90 days after irradiation. Five non-irradiated rats were used as controls. The number of ghrelin cells that reacted with anti-ghrelin antibody was counted. Moreover, ghrelin mRNA expression was determined. Food intake and body weight changes were measured simultaneously. Results: Compared to the controls, irradiated rats showed a significantly decreased gastric ghrelin cell count, i.e., 29%, 30%, 32%, and 32% at 1, 3, 30, and 90 days, respectively, after irradiation (p < 0.05). Irradiated rats also showed decreased ghrelin mRNA expression the expression decreased by 54.1%, 58.8%, 52.0%, and 52.7% at 1, 3, 30, and 90 days, respectively (p < 0.05). Food intake of irradiated rats decreased continuously compared with the control rats, except at 90 days. Body weight of the irradiated rats was lower than that of the controls at 7 and 30 days. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that abdominal irradiation can reduce gastric ghrelin concentration. Though decrease of food intake and body weight was observed simultaneously, further evaluation needs to find out the relationship between gastric ghrelin level and food intake after exposure to irradiation.

---

Background: In diagnostic radiology there are two reasons for measuring or estimating radiation doses to patients. Firstly measurements provide a means for setting and checking standards of good practice as an aid to the optimization of patient protection. Secondly estimates of the absorbed dose to tissue and organs in the patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 2382 patients were studied to calculate the Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) following seven radiographic examinations including: chest (PA, Lat), lumbar spines (AP, Lat), pelvis (AP), abdomen (AP), skull (PA, Lat), thoracic spine (AP, Lat) and cervical spines (AP, Lat). The ESAKs values were measured according to x- ray tube output, optimized exposure parameters and body thickness (tp) for each technique. Results: The parameters such as, 1st quartile, mean, median, 3rd quartile, minimum, maximum and standard deviation of each ESAK values are reported and compared to NRPB guide levels. The results showed that the ESAKs values in the lumbar spines and chest X-ray examinations were 30% above the guide levels. However, for the pelvis (AP), skull (PA) and abdomen (AP) examinations, these values were below than those reported by the NRPB. Conclusion: Periodic quality control and monitoring the technical performance of radiographers might effectively improve the image quality and eventually reducing the dose received by patients.

---

Background: In this study are submitted the radon concentration measurement results of four underground mines: Stanterg, Artana, Hajvali and Badovc, which are owned by Trepça Enterprise, Kosovo. The mines have the same geological formation and from these mines are extracted ores rich with lead, zinc, silver, and gold. The radiation exposures caused by radon and radon daughters was determined and gamma dose measurements were also performed in the same time. Materials and Methods: The measurement of radon concentrations in the environment of mines is carried out by CRM 510, a portable device which continuously made measurement for four consecutive days. The gamma exposure was determined using fully portable handheld instrument GR-130 Exploranium. The detector consisted of a 65 cm³ sodium iodide NaI(Tl) and a GM tube. The system was calibrated against a ¹³⁷Cs standard and checked for stability using a low-activity 9 kBq radioactive source. Results: The radon gas concentration for underground mines under study varied from minimal values 60 Bqm-3 to maximal recorded value 748 Bqm^-3. The average radon concentration for mines Stanterg, Artana, Hajvali and Badovc are 301.6, 191.4, 463.2 and 527.2 Bqm^-3, respectively. Conclusion: The average of total annual effective doses from radon concentration and radon decay products for miners under the study is 2.67 mSv and just from gamma ray exposure is 0.26 mSv. The average values for radon concentration and radon decay products to mines under the study are lower than action level 1000 Bq m^-3 given by IAEA.

---