en Radiation Biology Radiation Biology مطالعه موردي Case Report <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="text-justify:newspaper"><span style="text-kashida-space:50%"><span style="line-height:119%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:black"><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCC) represent secondary injuries associated with various clinical etiologies. These lesions, characterized by restricted diffusion on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), manifest as small and reversible abnormalities in the splenium of the corpus callosum. Despite their distinct radiological features, they often pose a diagnostic challenge, mimicking acute cerebral infarction in clinical presentation. Herein, we present the case of a 47-year-old male with a history of two episodes of transient syncope, transient bilateral blindness, multiple episodes of diarrhea, and high fever. Initially suspected to have acute splenial infarction secondary to sepsis and gastrointestinal infection, further evaluation including cranio-cervical computed tomography angiography (CTA) and electroencephalography, in conjunction with neurology consultation, led to the diagnosis of CLOCC. Prompt initiation of antimicrobial and antipyretic therapy resulted in rapid neurological improvement within 48 hours. Splenial lesions in the context of sepsis often masquerade as infarction due to their association with coagulopathy and microvascular thrombosis. However, emerging evidence suggests that isolated infarction in this region is exceedingly rare, with reversible lesions characteristic of CLOCC being more commonly encountered. Management primarily entails addressing the underlying systemic condition, with a generally favorable prognosis observed in most cases.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> CLOCC, Splenial Infarction, MRI, CTA. 811 815 http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-1242&slc_lang=en&sid=1 C. Li lichengyu_2024@163.com 7900319475328460028136 7900319475328460028136 Yes Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Taizhou, China H. Zhang 7900319475328460028137 7900319475328460028137 No Department of Emergency Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China H. Xing 7900319475328460028138 7900319475328460028138 No Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Taizhou, China Q. Cao 7900319475328460028139 7900319475328460028139 No Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Taizhou, China