@article{ author = {Salimi, M. and Mozdarani, H.}, title = {γ-H2AX as a protein biomarker for radiation exposure response in ductal carcinoma breast tumors: Experimental evidence and literature review}, abstract ={Background: H2AX is a histone variant that is systematically found and ubiquitously distributed throughout the genome. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce phosphorylation of H2AX at serine 139 (γH2AX), an immunocytochemical assay with antibodies recognizing γH2AX has become the gold standard for the detection of DSBs. The importance of this assay to investigate different individual responses to gamma irradiation was reviewed and an example of different radiation responses of ductal carcinoma tumors with different expression levels of ATM and HER-2 was discussed. Materials and Methods: The ductal carcinoma breast tissues were exposed to 4 Gy gamma rays and after 24 hours incubation in modified RPMI 1640 medium in 37 °C with CO2, the frequency of residual induced DSB was assessed using γH2AX assay compared to pair normal adjacent and control breast tissues. Results: Results showed that the frequency of DSB dramatically increased in both tumor and normal irradiated tissues, compared to sham non-irradiated controls. Tumors with HER-2 over expression showed significantly lower residual DSB frequencies after 24 hours post irradiation incubation time, whereas this frequency dramatically increased in ATM under expressed tissues. Conclusion: Our data showed that different tissues may have different radio-sensitivity and ATM under- and HER-2 over-expression may lead to higher and lower sensitivity to ionizing radiation, respectively. This may be due to the role of ATM in DSB repair and HER-2 in EGFR downstream signaling pathway that with the use of cell survival mechanisms ends to resistance against radiation effects and activation of PI3K/ACT that leads to DSB repair.}, Keywords = {γ-H2AX, radiation response, DSB, HER-2, ATM, ductal carcinoma}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1156-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1156-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Keshtkar, M. and Takavar, A. and Zahmatkesh, M.H. and Nedaie, H.A. and Vaezzadeh, A. and Naderi, M.}, title = {Three-dimensional gel dosimetry for dose volume histogram verification in compensator-based IMRT}, abstract ={Background: Some tissues in human body are radiobiologically different from water and these inhomogeneity must be considered in dose calculation in order to achieve an accurate dose delivery. Dose verification in complex radiation therapy techniques, such as intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) calls for volumetric, tissue equivalent and energy independent dosimeter. The purpose of this study is to verify a compensator‐based IMRT plan in anthropomorphic inhomogeneous phantom by Dose Volume Histograms (DVH) using polymer gel dosimetry. Materials and Methods: An anthropomorphic pelvic phantom was constructed with places for gel inserts. Two attached cubic inserts for prostate and bladder and a cylindrical insert for rectum. A prostate treatment case was simulated in the phantom and the treatment was delivered by a five field compensator‐based IMRT. Gel dosimeters were scanned by a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results were analyzed by DVH and difference of differential DVH. Results: Results showed for 3D compensator‐based IMRT treatment plan for prostate cancer, there was overall good agreement between calculated dose distributions and the corresponding gel measured especially in planning target volume (PTV) region. Conclusion: Our measurements showed that the used treatment plan configuration has had clinically acceptable accuracy and gel dosimetry can be considered as a useful tool for measuring DVH. It may also be used for quality assurance and compensator‐based IMRT treatment verification.}, Keywords = {Heterogeneity, polymer gel dosimetry, compensator-based IMRT, dose verification}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {13-20}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1157-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1157-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Sharma, K.V. and Sisodia, R.}, title = {Radioprotective efficacy of prunus avium fruit in mice brain with reference to in-vitro and in-vivo studies}, abstract ={Background: Radioprotective efficacy of Prunus avium fruit extract (PAE) rich in vitamin A, C, E and anthocyanin was studied against radiation induced biochemical alterations in mice brain. Materials and Methods: In-vitro assays were performed with PAE for its antioxidant studies thereafter for in-vivo study, Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups. Group 1 (control) normal mice. Group 2 (PAE treated) PAE supplemented (450 mg/kg. b.wt/day) for 15 days. Group 3 (Irradiated) 5 Gy gamma-radiation treated. Group 4 (PAE + Irradiated) was administered PAE once daily for 15 consecutive days, thereafter exposed to 5 Gy gamma-radiation. Group 5 (Irradiated + PAE) was exposed to 5 Gy gamma-radiation than PAE was administered for 15 consecutive days. Brains were removed at various post treatment intervals for biochemical estimations. Results: The IC50 values of PAE for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·] scavenging assays, superoxide radical scavenging assays, inhibition of in vitro lipid peroxidation assays and protein carbonyl formation assay were 413 µg/ml, 7.63 µg/ml, 136.18 µg/ml and 16.94 µg/ml respectively. Furthermore the total phenolic content in PAE was equivalent to 8.38 mg/ml of gallic acid. The rate of ·OH radical scavenging activity of PAE was 0.57 times slower than SCN- derived from nanosecond pulse radiolysis studies. In-vivo study also showed that radiation (5 Gy) induced augmentation in the levels of lipid peroxidation and depletion in glutathione and protein level in mice brain were significantly ameliorated by PAE pre/post treatment. Conclusion: Results suggest that the radioprotective efficacy of PAE may be due its antioxidant property.}, Keywords = {Prunus avium, in-vitro antioxidant scavenging assays, in-vivo studies, mice brain}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-31}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1158-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1158-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Aghili, M. and Babaei, M. and Ganjalikhani, M. and AzmoodehArdalan, F.}, title = {New drug in neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer}, abstract ={Background: In recent years, neoadjuvant chemoradiation and subsequent surgical resection with total mesorectal excision has been shown to increase local control with decreased toxicity. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. In this study we evaluated the efficacy a cox-2 inhibitor on pathologic response, sphincter preservation and acute toxicity during neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients with Adenocarcinoma of rectum (up to 15 cm of anal verge) was enrolled in this phase 2 study. Patients were undergone endorectal ultrasound, abdomino-pelvic and chest CT scan for staging. Then received neoadjuvant concurrent chemo radiation (capecitabine 825 mg/m2 bid in combination with celecoxib 100 mg qid and Radiotherapy “50-50.4Gy/25-28fraction”).Surgery was done 6-8 weeks after Chemoradiation. Acute complications were scored by common toxicity criteria 3.0 and tumor response was graded by tumor regression grade. Results: Of 36 patients, total mesorectal excision was done in 30 patients. Tumor regression grade was reported as:8 patients(26.7%) had grade 0 or complete response, 10 patients (33.3%) had grade 1 or moderate response,9 patients(30%) had grade 2 or minimal response and 3 patients (10%) had grade 3 or poor response. Tumor down staging was 43.3% and Node down staging was 30.8%.No patient had skin reaction or cardio-vascular toxicity. Conclusion: Results indicate celecoxib in combination with neoadjuvant chemoradiation is safe and associated with low toxicity. This combination can promote pathologic complete response, tumor regression grade and T and N down staging in rectal adenocarcinoma.}, Keywords = {Rectal cancer, celecoxib, tumor regression, neoadjuvant chemoradiation}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-38}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1159-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1159-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rafique, M.}, title = {Cesium-137 activity concentrations in soil and brick samples of Mirpur, Azad Kashmir Pakistan}, abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to measure137Cs levels in soil and brick samples to set the baseline data and an indicator of fallout radioactivity for this part of the world. This study will help to probe, if there is any health threat posed by 137Cs exposure to the residents of the area. Materials and Methods: Twenty five samples of soil and 6 samples of bricks were collected from different locations of Mirpur of Azad Kashmir. A P-type HPGe detector was used to measure gamma spectra of samples. Results: Results showed that for soil samples activity concentration range from 0.076±0.071 to 2.94±0.17 Bq.Kg-1 with average value of 1.39±0.17 Bq.Kg-1. Similarly activity concentration of 137Cs in Brick samples range from 0.22±0.09 BqKg-1 to 2.14±0.13 BqKg-1 with average value of 0.73±0.10 Bq.Kg-1. For soil samples the average values of outdoor, indoor and annual effective dose were found to be 5.12 × 10 –5, 20.47 × 10 –5 and 25.58 × 10 –5 mSv.y-1 respectively. For brick samples specific activity of the 137Cs range from 0.22±0.09 to 2.14±0.13 Bq Kg-1. The average values of outdoor, indoor and annual effective dose for brick samples were 2.71 × 10 –5, 10.52 × 10 –5 and 13.23 × 10 –5 mSv.y-1 respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that the measured values were extremely small when compared with the annual dose rate recommended by ICRP (1.0 mSv.y-1), as well as the annual external gamma radiation dose (0.48 mSv.y-1) received per head from the natural sources of radiation.}, Keywords = {Background radiations, fallout radionuclide, annual effective dose, gamma radiation dose, Mirpur, Azad Kashmir}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-46}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1160-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1160-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {TermiziRamli, A. and Aliyu, A.S. and Agba, E.H. and Saleh, M.A.}, title = {Effective dose from natural background radiation in Keffi and Akwanga towns, central Nigeria}, abstract ={Background: Human is exposed to radiation in their environment with or without their consent and the exposure to natural background radiation is an unpreventable event on earth. Materials and Methods: An in situ assessment of the indoor and outdoor background radiation in Akwanga and Keffi towns of Nasarawa state Nigeria was carried out using a halogen-quenched Geiger Muller (GM) detector (Inspector alert Nuclear radiation monitor SN: 3544). Each of these towns was divided into at least 20 sampling areas where at least ten readings were taken in order to have a reliable data. Results: The mean indoor and outdoor annual effective dose of Akwanga were 1.29± 0.13mSv/yr and 0.31±0.04 mSv/yr respectively and that of Keffi were 1.08± 0.15mSv/yr and 0.25±0.04 mSv/yr respectively. The radiation levels in both highly populated towns were found to be within the safe limit for areas of normal background set by UNSCEAR (2.4 mSv/yr). Conclusion: These results would serve as a baseline upon which other exposures would be assessed and in the future, serve as reference for dosimetry and decontamination in situations of radiation poisoning of these towns.}, Keywords = {Indoor, outdoor, background radiation, effective dose, Keffi}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-52}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1161-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1161-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Jibiri, N.N. and Adewale, A.A.}, title = {Estimation of radiation dose to the lens of eyes of patients undergoing cranial computed tomography in a teaching Hospital in Osun state, Nigeria}, abstract ={Background: One of the means of assessing dose to patients from Computed tomography (CT) procedure is through the determination of the skin entrance dose (ESD) with the appreciation of the concern that ocular exposure effects from CT scan includes possible induction of cancer and cataract. Due to the relatively more recent introduction of CT scans, little work has been done in this area in the country including exposure dose on the lens of the eyes of patients undergoing Cranial Computed Tomography (C-CT). Materials and Methods: The Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) to the lens of eyes of 26 patients who had cranial CT procedures at a University Teaching Hospital in Ile-Ife, Nigeria has been determined in order to assess the level of radiation protection compliance and optimization of radiation safety at the hospital. Results: Results indicate that the doses to the patients ranged between 17.13 mGy and 51.98 mGy within the period under study. The average doses obtained for the pediatric patients (1.5-18 yrs), young adults (19-49 yrs) and adults (&ge50 yrs) were 31.14 ±11.02 mGy, 41.81±12.60 mGy and 31.97 ± 11.31 mGy respectively. The mean dose obtained in this study was lower than threshold for lens damage, therefore the dose recorded in this study is clinically safe. Conclusion: This study represents a requisite pedestal on the need for a nation-wide evaluation and investigation of optimization of procedures in radiological examinations with a view to establishing a national dosimetry protocol and reference dose level or guidance level in the country.}, Keywords = {Patients, cranial computed tomography, entrance surface dose, lens of the eyes, University teaching hospital}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-60}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1162-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1162-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Amanat, B. and Kardan, M.R. and Faghihi, R. and Taheri, M.}, title = {Calibration and optimization of a low cost diffusion chamber for passive separated measurements of radon and thoron in soil by Lexan PC SSNTD}, abstract ={Background: Separate radon and thoron measurements in soil are very important in assessment of internal exposure due to inhalation of such radioactive gases. Materials and Methods: In this study, a low cost, small size, passive diffusion chamber has been developed for simple measurement of Radon-222 and Radon-220(Thoron) gases separately in soil. The diffusion chamber consists of two films and two fiber glass filters. Lexan polycarbonate films were used as Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs) and optimized film to filter distance was obtained. Results: Calibration factors for the designed diffusion chamber were measured using flow through method which was 16.85[track.cm-2(kBq. m-3d)-1] and 17.25 [track.cm-2(kBq.m-3d)-1] for radon for the lower and upper Lexan films, respectively and 1.76 [track.cm-2(kBq.m-3 d)-1] for thoron. Conclusion: The designed chamber is an economic, applicable and efficient detector for measurement of radon and thoron separately in soil.}, Keywords = {Radon, Thoron, passive Detectors, SSNTD}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {61-67}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1163-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1163-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mehdipour, L.A. and Mortazavi, S.M.J. and Saion, E.B. and Mozdarani, H. and Aziz, S.A. and Kamari, H.M. and Faghihi, R. and Mehdizadeh, S. and Kardan, M.R. and Mortazavi, A.}, title = {Natural ventilation considerations for radon prone areas of Ramsar}, abstract ={Background: In Iran, architectures are often unaware of the risk of radon inhalation and how to reduce radon levels. Furthermore, radon considerations are not implemented in construction methods, construction materials and building utilization by regulatory authorities. Materials and Methods: In this study after reviewing the meteorological changes of Ramsar over the past 50 years (1955-2005), a novel design for constructing dwellings in radon prone areas is introduced. Out of building interventions such as planting wind-tunnel-making trees will be discussed in another paper. Ramsar soil samples with 4 levels of specific activities (extremely hot, severely hot, very hot, and hot) were placed in a model house. Radon level monitoring was performed by using a PRASSI portable radon gas survey meter. Results: For extremely hot soil samples, the radon levels inside the model house when windows were closed for 24 hours were 1615 ±516 Bq/m3. When windows which were in the wind direction or opposite the wind direction were opened for 24 h, the radon level decreased to 89 ±286 and 139 ±314 Bq/m3, respectively. Interestingly, when crossed windows were opened for the same duration, Radon level was 144 ±92 Bq/m3. In cold seasons, when windows are usually closed, Chimney effect reduced the radon level to 323±641. For severely hot, very hot and hot soil samples, natural ventilation-based interventions effectively reduced the radon level. Conclusion: Results obtained in this study clearly show that natural ventilation-based simple cost-effective interventions can significantly reduce the radon concentration in radon prone areas of Ramsar.}, Keywords = {Radon, Ramsar, natural ventilation, house design, dwellings}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {69-74}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1165-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1165-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {FallahMohammadi, Gh. and VahabiMoghadam, M. and GhanbarMoghadam, M.}, title = {Staff dose assessment from coronary angiography}, abstract ={Background: Interventional cardiology procedures such as coronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA) has been increased recent years. The purpose of this study was to measurement of effective dose to cardiology staffs who operate near the patient and are exposed to non-uniform radiation field due to patient scattered radiation. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in angiography department of Fatemeh Zahra Hospital as specialized hospital of heart in Sari, the Northern city of Iran for two months and 687 interventional cardiology procedures were studied. Doses were recorded with thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) for 10 cardiologists, 10 nurses and 1 radiology technologist and the effective dose were estimate using the Niklason algorithm. Results: Mean annual effective dose (µSv ) to cardiologist and nurses and radiology technologist from interventional cardiology procedures were 535.57 (68.6 – 1984.8) µSv and 153.7 (59.5 – 277.2) µSv respectively. Mean effective dose (µSv) per interventional cardiology procedure for cardiologist and nurses and radiology technologist were 2.123 and 0.274 µSv respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate large variation in radiation exposure between staffs. No correlation was found between the number of procedures and effective dose. None of the annual effective dose appear to exceed the annual effective dose limit of 20 mSv.}, Keywords = {Thermoluminescent dosimeter, Staff dose, coronary angiography }, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {75-78}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1166-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1166-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mortazavi, S.M.J. and Mozdarani, H.}, title = {The challenging issue of pre-conception irradiation of parents: Are we walking in a dark road?}, abstract ={No Abstract Available.}, Keywords = {Diagnostic radiology, radiation, spermatogenesis, pregnancy, risk}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {79-80}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1167-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-1167-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2014} }