@article{ author = {Tan, S. and Wang, H. and Peng, R.}, title = {A review on combined biological effects of microwave and other physical or chemical agents}, abstract ={With the development of science and technology, microwave has been used in many fields such as industry, military, medicine and communication. People are living in a lapped and dynamic electromagnetic environment. Concerns about potential hazards of microwave are getting increasing attentions. The single biological effects of microwave were widely discussed which was considered harmful. Relevant safety standards had been formulated and applied. However, the real environment was more complex. Microwave was not the only factor that organisms might be affected. Other physical or chemical factors, such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet (UV), magnetic field and chemical drugs, often existed with the microwave radiation. Even the microwave itself could create combined exposure situation, because the environment consisted different frequency microwaves. Nuclear weapons and high-power radar could produce microwave and ionizing radiation. The ultraviolet ray and magnetic field generated by the instrument's operation could act on the human bodies along with the microwaves. The combination of radiofrequency therapy and chemotherapeutic agents was also commonly used in cancer therapy. Therefore, the combined biological effects of microwaves and other physical or chemical factors were very important. This review had covered the original articles in this aspect. In order to better understand the combined biological effects, the comparative studies of different frequency microwaves were also included. Differences in biological effects were found among different frequency microwaves, and the combined biological effects contained both hazards and benefits. Findings in combined biological effects were very practical for rational uses of microwave technologies.  }, Keywords = {Combined biological effects, microwave, ionizing radiation, laser, ultraviolet light, drug, magnetic field. }, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {139-153}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.139}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2244-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2244-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Du, Y. and Banas, R.A. and McCart, E.A. and George, J. and Oakley, K. and Han, Y. and Landauer, M.R. and Day, R.M.}, title = {Effect of human amnion-derived multipotent progenitor cells on hematopoietic recovery after total body irradiation in C57BL/6 mice}, abstract ={Background: The hematopoietic system is sensitive to the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. Cellular therapies utilizing mesenchymal stem cells or vascular endothelial cells have been explored as potential countermeasures for radiation hematopoietic injuries. We investigated cells cultured from amnion                        (Amnion-derived Multipotent Progenitor cells, AMPs) for effects on hematopoietic recovery following total body irradiation in mice. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6J mice were sham-irradiated or exposed to 60Co irradiation (7.75 – 7.90 Gy, 0.6 Gy/min). Either AMPs (5 × 106 cells/animal) or vehicle were administered 24 h postirradiation via intraperitoneal injection. Results: We observed a 13% and 20% improvement in 30-day survival of mice treated with AMPs compared with treatment with vehicle following irradiation at 7.75 and 7.90 Gy, respectively. AMP treatment was characterized by a trend toward accelerated recovery of white blood cells, neutrophils, reticulocytes, and monocytes, measured through day 40 postirradiation after 7.75 Gy.  AMP treatment enhanced hematopoietic cell repopulation of spleen and femoral bone marrow as measured by total nucleated cell and hematopoietic progenitor cell counts in comparison to vehicle-treated animals. FACS analysis showed that AMPs treatment significantly mitigated the reduction in CD11b+/Gr-1int and CD11b+/Gr-1high bone marrow cell populations at the nadir, and improved recovery of these cell types. Conclusion: Together, our data indicate that AMPs reduced hematopoietic toxicity induced by ionizing radiation when infused within 24 h after radiation injury.  }, Keywords = {adult stem cells, acute radiation syndrome, ionizing radiation, radiation countermeasure, hematopoietic progenitor. }, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {155-168}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.155}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2231-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2231-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pinkawa, M. and Schubert, C. and Escobar-Corral, N. and Berneking, V. and Eble, M.J.}, title = {Optimization of prostate cancer radiotherapy using of a spacer gel, volumetric modulated arc therapy and a single biological organ at risk objective}, abstract ={Background: The aim was to evaluate the benefit of technical advances for treatment planning: introduction of a hydrogel spacer, VMAT (volumetric modulated arc therapy) and a single biological organ at risk objective for the rectum and bladder. Initial standard was a step-and-shoot IMRT (intensity modulated radiotherapy) without a spacer and conventional organ at risk objectives.  Materials and Methods: Treatment plans were calculated using IMRT and VMAT techniques before and after spacer injection in 27 patients, respectively. Conventional organ at risk objectives have been used for the optimization of IMRT plans, only a single biological organ at risk objective for VMAT plans. VMAT vs. IMRT plans and plans before vs. after spacer injection were compared. Results: VMAT plans and independently the spacer demonstrated improved dose homogeneity, whereas VMAT additionally displayed improved dose conformity. The dose to the bladder and rectum could be significantly decreased applying the VMAT technique (mean rectum volumes of 14%/10%/5% in VMAT vs. 36%/24%/12% in IMRT within the 50Gy/60Gy/70Gy isodoses; p<0.01). NTCP for ≥grade 3 rectum toxicity could be accordingly decreased with the VMAT technique (3.6 vs. 0.9% for IMRT vs. VMAT; p<0.01) and the spacer gel (3.3 vs. 1.2% for plans without vs. with spacer gel; p<0.01) – only 0.3% with VMAT and spacer gel. Conclusion: In addition to the decreased rectal dose following spacer injection, VMAT with single biological organ at risk optimization resulted in further dose reduction to the organs at risk and improved dose homogeneity and conformity in comparison to the step-and-shoot IMRT technique with conventional objectives.  }, Keywords = {Prostate cancer, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, treatment planning, spacer gel.}, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {169-176}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.169}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2232-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2232-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mayadagli, A. and Kiziltan, H.S and KingirCeltik, I. and Berk, K. and Tekce, E. and Eris, A.H. and Seyithanoglu, H.}, title = {Clinical evaluation of simultaneous integrated boost in brain metastasis patients with helical intensity modulated radiotherapy}, abstract ={Background: This study was performed to assess patient survival and treatment toxicity after helical tomotherapy (HT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) radiotherapy (RT) for cancer patients with one to eight brain metastases (BM) who have been treated with or without surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 brain metastasis (BM) patients were included in this retrospective study between April 2015 and December 2016,. The patients were treated with image-guided intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) on the helical tomotherapy (HT) machine. Whole brain HT as 25 Gy and SIB to metastasis sites as 35 Gy was delivered in 10 fractions. The patient were aged between 50 to 80 years old, volume of the BM was between 6 to 75 cc and the number of brain metastasis was between 1 to 8, Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) ranged between 50-90 and RPA I-III. Surgery was performed to two patients before RT. The maximum patient follow-up time was 20 months.  Results: The primary neurotoxicity observed in patients was grade I- II brain edema related headache and lethargy. In patients who had survived 3- 12 months, KPS improved median score of 20 points and RPA was grade I after six months. Twelve patients had passed away at the end of a 20- month follow-up. Conclusion: HT utilizing SIB treatment for 1- 8 BM was achieved successfully with no significant toxicity. An improvement of performance status indicators of patients following RT was observed.  }, Keywords = {Simultaneous integrated boost, brain metastasis, Tomotherapy, radiotherapy. }, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {177-183}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.177}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2233-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2233-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Esmati, E. and MaddahSafaei, A. and Nosrati, H. and Babaei, M. and Lashkari, M. and AmouzegarHashemi, F. and Farhan, F. and MiraiAshtiani, M. and Khanjani, N. and Alibakhshi, A.}, title = {Demographic characteristics and prognostic factors in pediatric-type sarcomas; A 7 year single institutional experience and comprehensive review of the current literature}, abstract ={Background: Due to limited clinical data in pediatric-type sarcomas (rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, PNET, and desmoplastic small round-cell tumor), the aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics and identifying prognostic factors for survival. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 110 patients with pediatric-type sarcomas. Overall and disease free survival was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. To identify prognostic factors for overall and disease free survival, multivariate survival analyses using a Cox’s proportional-hazard regression model was performed. Results: In this study mean age of patients were 20.30 years (SD=13.61; range, 1–83 years). The survival data of 54 patients (49.1%) were obtained with median survival of 27 months. 3 and 5-year survival rate of these patients were 41.5% and 28.3% respectively. Recurrence of disease (P=0.006) and Ewing sarcoma subtype (P=0.018) were significantly associated with poor overall survival and location of the lesion in the upper extremities (P=0.007) and trunk (P=0.005) were significantly associated with a lower disease free survival. Conclusion: With multivariate analysis, the authors determined that recurrence of disease and Ewing's sarcoma subtype are poor prognostic factors for overall survival and site of origin for disease free survival among patients with pediatric-type sarcoma. In addition, gender, patient's age, and size of tumor had no significant impact on overall and disease free survival.  }, Keywords = {Cancer, prognostic factor, sarcoma, small round cell, survival. }, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {185-195}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.185}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2234-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2234-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hara, T. and Tominaga, M. and Yajyu, K. and Kouzaki, R. and Hanyu, A. and Yamada, H. and Sasaki, M. and Azane, S. and Uto, Y.}, title = {Effect of dose rate on antitumor activity in hypoxic cells by using flattening filter free beams}, abstract ={Background: Recently, the Flattening Filter Free (FFF) beams, which allow a dose rate increase of up to four times compared to the normal dose rate, have been incorporated into radiation therapy machines. The aim of this study is to evaluate antitumor activity in hypoxic cells irradiated with different dose rates using FFF beams and to identify the casual mechanism for cellular damage during irradiation.  Materials and Methods: EMT6 cells were treated with 95% N2 and 5% CO2 to maintain a hypoxic condition. Three dose rates, namely, 6.27 Gy/min, 12.00 Gy/min, and 18.82 Gy/min, were used to deliver the prescribed dose of 2 to 4 Gy using the TrueBeam linear accelerator. The number of colonies was counted to evaluate the cell surviving fraction. To investigate the mode of action, additional experiments to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) by aminophenyl fluorescein (APF) assay, and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by γH2AX assay were performed. Results: Irradiation of hypoxic cells using FFF beams increases antitumor activity as a function of dose rate. The fluorescence of the APF assay was significantly increased when high dose rates were used. In addition, results from our γH2AX assays show that the number of DNA DSBs increased as a function of dose rate, in hypoxic cells. Conclusion: We demonstrate that there is a significant dose rate-dependent difference in antitumor activity in hypoxic cells, when FFF beams are used.  }, Keywords = {Flattening filter free (FFF), radiation biology, hypoxic cell, dose rate effect. }, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {197-205}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.197}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2235-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2235-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Elsaman, R. and Ali, G. A. M. and Uosif, M. A. M. and Shaaban, K. H. S. and Saddeek, Y. B. and Aly, K. A. and Chong, K. F.}, title = {Natural radioactivity of some Egyptian materials used in glasses manufacturing and glass ceramics}, abstract ={Background: The new glasses from harmful environmental waste such as cement dust; limestone phosphate, sand and borax (Genkare) were manufactured. Investigation of the radioactivity present in these materials (Phosphate rock, cement dust, limestone, sand and borax) enables one to assess any possible radiological hazard to humankind by such materials. Materials and Methods: Fifteen samples were collected from five locations. Activity measurements have been performed by gamma-ray spectrometer, employing a high-resolution scintillation detector NaI (Tl) crystal 3 ×3 inch. In addition, the radiological hazards were calculated for the investigated samples. Results: The average values of activity ranged from 28±2 to 163±12, 2.8±0.7 to 40±3 and from 49±4 to 1337±74 Bq kg-1 for 226R, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The values of absorbed dose rates, radium equivalent activities and annual effective dose due to 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively, are ranged from 22.05 to 101.59 nGy h-1, 45.90 to 224.22 Bq kg-1 and 27.04 to 124.59 µSv y-1. In addition, the values of external hazard index, internal hazard index and gamma index have been calculated.  Conclusion: According to the obtained results, all materials would not present a significant radiological hazard except phosphate. The results of the study could serve as important baseline radiometric data for future epidemiological studies and monitoring initiatives.  }, Keywords = {Natural radioactivity, glass ceramics radiological hazards, phosphate rock, cement dust, limestone, sand, borax and glasses. }, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {207-215}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.207}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2236-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2236-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jelodar, G. and Akbari, A. and Parvaeei, P. and Nazifi, S.}, title = {Vitamin E protects rat testis, eye and erythrocyte from oxidative stress during exposure to radiofrequency wave generated by a BTS antenna model}, abstract ={Background: Radio frequency wave (RFW) generated by mobile phones and wireless communication systems has been reported to cause adverse effects on reproductive function, vision and hematological parameters, possibly through oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of RFW generated bybase transceiver station BTS on oxidative stress in testis, eye and erythrocyte, and the prophylactic effect of vitamin E by measuring the antioxidant enzymes activity, including: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and lipid proxidation. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and treated daily for 45 days as follows: control, treatment control (vitamin E 200 mg/kg of body weight/day by gavage), sham exposed group (exposed to 900 MHz RFW), and  treatment group (received vitamin E and exposed to RFW). Control and treatment control groups were not exposed and were only given the vehicle, i.e., distilled water. On the last day of the study, all the rats were sacrificed and their testes, eyes and erythrocyte were collected and used for measurement of antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation. Results: Exposure to RFW in the sham exposed group decreased antioxidant enzymes activity and increased lipid peroxidation compared to both control groups (p<0.05). In the treatment group, vitamin E improved antioxidant enzymes activity and reduced lipid peroxidation compared to the sham exposed group (p<0.05). Conclusion: RFW causes oxidative stress in eye, testis and erythrocytes and vitamin E improved oxidative stress in these tissues.}, Keywords = {Oxidative stress, radio frequency wave, testis, eye, erythrocyte, vitamin E. }, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {217-224}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.217}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2237-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2237-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zhuang, Y. and Huang, W. and Shi, Y. and Bo, G. and Lu, D. and Zhang, J. and Kong, D. and Shi, Y. and Wang, B.}, title = {Prospective-triggered high-pitch spiral versus sequential dual-source CT coronary angiography: comparison of image quality and radiation dose}, abstract ={Background: Prospectively electrocardiography (ECG)-triggered high-pitch spiral coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a unique scan mode for dual-source CT (DSCT). Our reports aim to compare image quality and radiation dose of CCTA using high-pitch spiral or sequential acquisition mode in patients with low and stable heart rates. Materials and Methods: Patients with low and stable heart rates (HR) (HR ≤ 70 beats per minute [bpm]; heart rate variability [HRV] < 10 bpm) were randomly assigned to high-pitch spiral mode (group A; n = 80) or sequential acquisition mode (group B; n = 80). Image quality scores, image noise, effective radiation dose and influencing factors on image quality were assessed.  Results: Mean image quality scores were 1.51 ± 0.32 and 1.70 ± 0.38 for groups A and B (P < 0.05), respectively. Image noises of the two groups were 19.05±4.70 Hu and 27.21±8.88 Hu (P < 0.05). Contrast media cost in group A was lower than group B (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was found in the rate of diagnostic patients between the two groups (P = 0.416). The estimated radiation dose of group A was 26.0% reduced compared with group B (0.74 ± 0.34 mSv vs. 1.00 ± 0.48 mSv, P < 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with regular and low heart rates, the prospectively high-pitch spiral acquisition mode can reduce radiation dose and contrast media cost while maintaining image quality compared with the prospectively sequential mode.  }, Keywords = {Tomography, X-ray computed, coronary angiography, image quality, radiation dose. }, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {225-233}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.225}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2240-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2240-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Gursoy, G. and Eser, E. and Yigitoglu, I. and Koç, H. and Kahraman, F.C. and Yamcıcier, S.}, title = {Investigation of the effects of a carbon-fiber tabletop on the surface dose and attenuation dose for megavoltage photon beams}, abstract ={Background: Multiple beams are generally used with an increased possibility that the beam axis intersects the treatment table. Treatment tabletops are commonly made of carbon fiber due to its high mechanical strength and rigidity, low specific density, extremely light and low radiation beam attenuation properties. Purpose of this paper is investigated the dose changes in the buildup region and beam attenuation by a carbon fiber tabletop for high energy 6- and 18-MV photon beams.  Materials and Methods: Measurements were performed for 10 cm × 10 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm field sizes. The surface dose and percentage depth doses (%DD) were measured by a Markus parallel plate chamber at a source-surface distance (SSD) of 100 cm for 6 MV and 18 MV photon beams. Attenuation measurements were made at the solid-water phantom for gantry angles of 0o and 180o rotation of the beam. Results: A carbon fiber tabletop increases the surface dose from 12.87% to 86.65% for 10 cm x 10 cm and from 8.72% to 71.16% for 20 cm × 20 cm field at 6 and 18 MV, respectively. The surface dose with the carbon fiber tabletop in an open field (0o) increases with field size. Conclusion: The carbon fiber tabletop causes a substantially increased surface dose, and also significantly decreases the skin-sparing effect, which is clinically important. The dosimetric effect of the tabletop may be higher, especially for the intensity-modulated radiation therapy depending on the beam orientation.  }, Keywords = {Radiation, radiotherapy, carbon fiber tabletop, surface dose, buildup region. }, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {235-241}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.235}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2241-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2241-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Lee, C.G. and Lee, J. and Kim, S. and You, S.H.}, title = {The possibility of hormone-mediated PSA derangement in prostate cancer treatment}, abstract ={Background: This study was designed to suggest the possibility of hormone-related derangement in salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after radical prostatectomy in terms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) control. Materials and Methods: Among 160 consecutive prostate cancer patients who received radical prostatectomy, 34 with SRT between 2004 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. The numbers of patients with pathologic T3-T4 stage, Gleason score 8-10, and positive resection margin were 11 (32.4%), 10 (29.4%), and 17 (50.0%), respectively. Median SRT dose was 64.8 Gy (range, 52.9-70.0 Gy) with 1.8-2.3 Gy fractionations. Biochemical failure-free survival after SRT was counted and the median follow-up period was 32.5 months (range, 10-118 months). Results: After SRT, the median time for PSA to decrease to less than 0.2 ng/mL was four months (range, 0-25 months). The three-year survival rate was 60.3%. On univariate analysis, preferential hormone therapy (PHT) (p=0.022), higher PSA at SRT (p=0.005), and higher PSA after surgery (p=0.003) were related to a shorter biochemical survival period. On multivariate analysis, lower PSA at SRT (p=0.016), higher radiation dose (p=0.007), and non-PHT (p=0.046) suggested a consistent PSA control. Conclusion: According to these results, low PSA values by hormonal intervention need to be reconsidered with a different way to look at the relationship between the PSA and hormone therapy. SRT should be considered for postoperative salvage treatment regardless of the hormone-related PSA values.  }, Keywords = {Hormone therapy, Prostate cancer, Salvage radiotherapy. }, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {243-250}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.243}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2242-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2242-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pourali, L. and ShahidSales, S. and Taghizadeh, A. and Pezeshkirad, M. and Farokh, D. and Andakhshideh, E.}, title = {Mammographic findings in different breast cancer subtypes (luminal, Her2 positive, triple negative)}, abstract ={Background: Prognosis and management of breast cancer are defined by different variables including histological type, grading, clinical stage, Her2+, estrogen and progesterone receptor conditions. Generally, mammography is one of the most important imaging which is done in breast cancer patients. The aim of this research was to evaluate different mammographic patterns in different breast cancer sub types. Materials and Methods: Demographic and clinicopathologic data of 128 breast cancer patients which referred to two academic hospitals were obtained from their registered files and their mammographies were reviewed by two radiologists separately. Patients were categorized into 3 groups of Luminal, triple negative and Her2+ and the checklists were filled out by research team. The mentioned data was then analyzed by the SPSS software version 16. Results: In this study we found significant difference in margins' clarity and axillary lymphadenopathy between mammographic presentations of different breast cancer subtypes (P=0.041) and (P=0.14), respectively; but the difference of other mamographic presentations including mass existence, mass size, margin type, peleomorphic calcification, micro calcification, nipple retraction, skin thickening and tissue distortion were not significantly different between three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Results of current study showed no significant difference between mammographic features of different invasive breast cancer subtypes except for axillary lymphadenopathy and ill-defined margins. Since the majority of patients were in premenopausal status; perhaps we can say lower sensitivity of mammography in premenopausal women couldn’t accurately distinguish mammographic differences between invasive breast cancer subtypes in this study.  }, Keywords = {Breast cancer, immunohistochemistry, mammography. }, volume = {16}, Number = {2}, pages = {251-255}, publisher = {Dr. Hossein Mozdarani}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.16.2.251}, url = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2243-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrr.com/article-1-2243-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Radiation Research}, issn = {2322-3243}, eissn = {2345-4229}, year = {2018} }