Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
9
4
2012
3
1
FDG-PET/MRI fused data sets for the detection of liver metastases in patients undergoing systemic anticancer treatment
209
219
EN
T.A.
Heusner
Heusner@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
Y
C.
Mikat
N
S.
Hahn
N
J.
Altenbernd
N
A.
Stahl
N
A.
Bockisch
N
M.
Forsting
N
G.
Antoch
N
Background: To retrospectively describe imaging
characteristics of liver metastases on fused FDG-PET/
MRI data sets and to compare the diagnostic
accuracy of MRI and fused FDG-PET/MRI data sets
for the detection of liver metastases in patients
undergoing systemic anticancer treatment. Materials
and Methods: 43 oncological patients (mean age:
56+/- 11 years) were investigated by FDG-PET/CT
and liver MRI. FDG-PET data from PET/CT scans were
fused with MRI. 556 lesions were evaluated. 5 different
evaluation algorithms were used for FDG-PET/
MRI evaluation. The sensitivity, specifity, PPV, NPV
and accuracy of MRI and FDG-PET/MRI data for the
detection of liver metastases were calculated. A
mean follow-up of 647 days served as reference
standard. McNemar’s test was used to test for
statistically significant differences between MRI and
FDG-PET/MRI (p<0.5). Results: The sensitivity, specificity,
PPV, NPV and accuracy of MRI for the detection
of liver metastases were 86%, 81%, 97%, 47%, and
85% and 50%, 100%, 100%, 22%, and 56%, for FDGPET/
MRI. FDG-PET/MRI was significantly less
accurate than MRI alone (p<.001). Conclusion: In
opposite to patients before systemic anticancer
therapy the fusion of FDG-PET data with liver MRI
cannot be recommended for the detection of liver
metastases in patients undergoing systemic oncological
therapy. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2012 9(4): 209-219
PET/MRI, PET/CT, liver MRI, liver metastases, hybrid imaging
http://ijrr.com/article-1-814-en.html
http://ijrr.com/article-1-814-en.pdf
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
9
4
2012
3
1
Study on effects of thoron and thermal treatment for aging-related diseases in humans
221
229
EN
Y.
Aoyama
N
T.
Kataoka
N
S.H.
Nakagawa
N
A.
Sakoda
N
Y.
Ishimori
N
F.
Mitsunobu
N
K.
Yamaoka
yamaoka@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
Y
Background: The aim of this study was to
analyze the effects of thoron and thermal treatment
for aging-related diseases in humans. Materials and
Methods: All subjects inhaled thoron with a high
concentration (about 4900 Bq/m3) for 2 weeks.
Blood pressures were measured and blood samples
were collected after each treatment 1, 2 and 3 weeks
after the first treatment. Results: The α-atrial
natriuretic peptide level of the rheumatoid arthritis
group was increased and the blood pressure was
significantly decreased. Superoxide dismutase
activity of rheumatoid arthritis group was significantly
increased by treatment. In addition, thoron and
thermal treatment significantly enhanced the concanavalin
A-induced mitogen response and increased
the level of CD4-positive cells it decreased the level
of CD8-positive cells. The results suggest that thoron
and thermal treatment activates antioxidative
function. Furthermore, these findings suggest that
thoron and thermal treatment prevents diabetic
ketoacidosis and contributes to the prevention of
aging-related diseases. Conclusion: Thoron and
thermal therapy may be part of the mechanism for
the alleviation of diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid
arthritis. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2012 9(4): 221-229
Thoron and thermal treatment, health effect, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, antioxidant function
http://ijrr.com/article-1-815-en.html
http://ijrr.com/article-1-815-en.pdf
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
9
4
2012
3
1
Indoor 222Rn and 220Rn variations: Evidence for Boyle’s law
231
236
EN
L.A.
Sathish
lasgayit@yahoo.com
Y
K.
Nagaraja
N
Background: Radon and its daughter product are
a major source of natural radiation exposure, the
measurement of radon concentration in dwellings is
assuming ever increasing importance. It is known
from recent surveys in many countries that radon and
its progeny contributes significantly to total inhalation
dose and is well established that radon when inhaled
in large quantity causes lung disorder. In view of this
the authors have measured 222Rn and 220Rn levels in
dwellings of different volumes at Bangalore Metropolitan,
India. Materials and Methods: Integrated and
long duration measurements of radon were carried
out using twin cup dosimeters with Solid State
Nuclear Track Detector technique. Results: Results
showed that concentrations of 222Rn, 220Rn, their
progenies and dose rates in dwellings decreased with
increase in room volume. Conclusions: The annual
effective inhalation dose due to 222Rn, 220Rn and their
progenies from the study ranged between 0.2–4.4
with an arithmetic mean of 1.7 ± 1.1 mSv y-1. The
dwellers of lower volumes are posed to high dose
rates. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2012 9(4): 231-236
222Rn, 220Rn, room volume, dose rate
http://ijrr.com/article-1-816-en.html
http://ijrr.com/article-1-816-en.pdf
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
9
4
2012
3
1
Interindividual differences in radiation-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood leukocytes in normal individuals and breast cancer patients
237
244
EN
M.
Shahidi
shahidi_maryam@yahoo.com
Y
S.
Mozdarani
N
Sh.
Shammas
N
Background: Quantification of radiation-induced
apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) has
been proposed as a possible screening test for
cancer-prone individuals and also for the prediction
of normal tissue responses after radiotherapy.
Materials and Methods: The neutral version of the
comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) was used
24, 48, 72 hours after irradiation with 8 Gy gamma
rays to assess interindividual differences in gamma
rays-induced apoptosis in peripheral blood leucocytes
between a panel of 30 normal individuals, and 30
breast cancer patients who hadn’t received radiotherapy
or chemotherapy previously. Slides were stained
with ethidium bromide and comets were assessed
using visual and computer analysis. Results: In all
incubation times, the baseline and radiation induced
apoptosis values were higher in breast cancer
patients compared to normal individuals which were
significantly different (p<0.01). Although, both baseline
and radiation induced values were higher in
young breast cancer patients, the age did not seem
to have a significant effect on apoptosis values both
in cancer cases and controls. Conclusion: The increased
rate of apoptosis observed in the leukocytes
of breast cancer cases might be associated with their
deficient DNA repair mechanisms. This finding might
indicate that the radiation induced apoptosis could
have some predictive potential. However, large
interindividual variation has been a drawback. More
studies are required to investigate the causes of
interindividual variation and how it might be minimized.
Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2012 9(4): 237-244
Breast cancer patients, apoptosis, leukocytes, gamma rays, comet assay
http://ijrr.com/article-1-817-en.html
http://ijrr.com/article-1-817-en.pdf
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
9
4
2012
3
1
Effects of gamma irradiation on antioxidant activity of Ergosan
245
249
EN
M.
Heidarieh
mheidarieh@nrcam.org
Y
A.
Borzouei
N
S.
Rajabifar
N
F.
Ziaie
N
Sh.
Shafiei
N
Background: The approaches chosen for control
of Outbreaks of infectious diseases in Aquatic
farming industry include improvement of environmental
conditions, stocking of specific pathogen free
(SPF) brood stockings, and application of vaccines
and immunostimulants. Despite numerous studies on
the effects of Ergosan on immune system of aquatic
animals, there is no data available on antioxidant
activities of Ergosan. The aim of the present study
was to investigate and evaluate the radical scavenging
activities of Ergosan extract by DPPH (1, 1-
diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging
assay, and the possible effects of gamma irradiation
on its assumed radical scavenging activities.
Materials and Methods: Ergosan was irradiated with
gamma rays (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kGy), and their
structural changes and antioxidant activities were
investigated by UV absorbanceand DPPH (1,1-
diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays, respectively.
Results: The gamma irradiation decreased the
average pH of irradiated Ergosan, and UV spectra of
irradiated product showed increase in the number of
carboxyl groups and double bonds. Our results
showed that 30 kGy irradiated Ergosan suspension
had significant higher level of antioxidant activity in
comparison with non-irradiated Ergosan (P<0.05).
Also, the reducing power values of 30 and 50 kGy
irradiated Ergosan were higher than that of nonirradiated
(P<0.05) and the other doses of irradiation
couldn’t make any significant difference in reducing
power of Ergosan. Conclusion: Results indicate that
the 30 kGy irradiated Ergosan might be an appropriate
candidate for the use in aquatic animal diets as a
natural antioxidant agent besides its immunostimulant
role. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2012 9(4): 245-249
Ergosan, gamma irradiation, antioxidant activity, reducing power
http://ijrr.com/article-1-818-en.html
http://ijrr.com/article-1-818-en.pdf
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
9
4
2012
3
1
Determination of the attenuation coefficient for megavoltage photons in the water phantom
251
255
EN
M.J.
Tahmasebi Birgani
tahmasebi_mj@yahoo.com
Y
M.A.
Behrooz
N
H.
Shahbazian
N
A.
Shams
N
Background: Attenuation coefficient (μ) plays an
important role in calculations of treatment planning
systems, as well as determination of dose distributions
in external beam therapy, dosimetry, protection,
phantom materials and industry. So, its exact
measurement or calculation is very important. The
aim of this study was to evaluate the μ in different
points in the water phantom analytically as a formula,
in addition to derive and parameterize it with
dosimetry measurements data results. Materials and
Methods: To find the attenuation coefficients at each
point along the central axis of the beam in the
phantom for every size of the fields, the first mathematical
approach was performed for derivation of μs
from percentage depth dose (PDD) formula. Then by
dosimetry for different fields in different depths of
water phantom, one can parameterize the obtained
formula for μ in any field and depth. Results: By
comparing the mathematical and dosimetry results,
the parameters of the μ-expression were derived in
terms of the dimension of square field in different
depths. From this formula one can find the μ for any
field in different depths for two energies of the Varian
2100CD linear accelerator, 6, 18MV with the
statistical coefficient of determination of R2>0.98.
Conclusion: The measurement of the μ in each field
size and depth has some technical problems, but one
can easily measure the μ for every point of central
axis of the beams in any field size. Iran. J. Radiat. Res.,
2012 9(4): 251-255
Radiation therapy, attenuation coefficient, dosimetry, megavoltage photons, varian2100CD
http://ijrr.com/article-1-819-en.html
http://ijrr.com/article-1-819-en.pdf
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
9
4
2012
3
1
Modeling and dose calculations of a pure beta emitting 32P coated stent for intracoronary brachytherapy by Monte Carlo code
257
263
EN
O.
Kiavar
N
M.
Sadeghi
msadeghi@nrcam.org
Y
Background: Recently, different investigators
have studied the possibility of radiation therapy in
restenosis prevention and have shown promising
results. In this study a unique radioactive source for
intra vascular brachytherapy (IVBT) was investigated.
The two-dimensional dose distribution in water for a
32P IVBT stent has been calculated. The pure beta
emitter source 32P has been coated on Palmaz-
Schatz stent. The dosimetric parameters required by
the AAPM TG-60 formalism are discussed and
calculated. Materials and Methods: The dose distribution
of the activated stent was determined by Version
4C of the (MCNP) Monte Carlo radiation transport
code in water and it was verified by TG-60 experimental
results. Dosimetric parameters such as anisotropy
function, F(r, θ), and the radial dose function, gL(r),
around the Palmaz-Schatz stent at distances from
0.18 to 0.9 cm have been calculated. The Palmaz-
Schatz stent with 3.5 mm external diameter and 14
mm length is coated with a thin layer of 32P. Results:
The Monte Carlo calculated dose rate at the
reference point is found to be 17.85 Gy. The results
were compared with previously published paper for
an actual same source. The difference between these
two data sets is in acceptable range. There were
almost little differences (less than 0.05%) in values
among them. Conclusion: The dosimetry parameters
such as, geometry function, G(r,θ), anisotropy
function, F(r,θ) and radial dose function, g(r), were
determined according to TG-60 protocols and listed in
tabular format. High dose variants were visible near
the 32P stent surface, but these values decreased
with depth in vessel layers rapidly. There are an
acceptable agreement between the calculated data
in this study and other published data for the same
source. However, the observed differences between
the calculated and measured values could be
explained by the measurement uncertainty and the
geometry modeling during the simulations. Iran. J.
Radiat. Res., 2012 9(4): 257-263
Coronary stent, radioactive stent, intravascular brachytherapy, 32P, MCNP4C
http://ijrr.com/article-1-820-en.html
http://ijrr.com/article-1-820-en.pdf
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
9
4
2012
3
1
Combined effects of gamma irradiation and silver nano particles packing on the chemical characteristics and sensory properties of saffron, using hurdle technology
265
270
EN
E.
Hamid Sales
N
S.
Rajabifar
srajabifar@nrcam.org
Y
F.
Motamedi Sedeh
N
Background: Saffron, the dried stigmas of crocus
sativus, is the world's most expensive spice which has
been used as food additive and flavoring agent. The
aim of the present study has been to investigate the
combination effects of gamma irradiation and silver
nano particles packing on the chemical properties of
saffron during storage time. A combination of hurdles
can ensure stability and microbial safety of foods.
Materials and Methods: To investigate the combination
effects, saffron samples were packed by Poly
Ethylene films which were possed up to 300 ppm
nano silver particles as antimicrobial agents and then
irradiated in cobalt – 60 irradiator (gamma cell
Model: PX30, dose rate 0.55 Gy/sec ) to 0, 1, 2 ,3
and 4 kGy at room temperature. UVspectrophotometer
was used to quantify the most
important components crocin, picrocrocin and
safranal which were respectively responsible for
color, taste and odor. Results: Statistical analysis
showed that irradiation and silver nano particles films
packing could increase the flavor and aroma of
saffron, and the best optimum dose of irradiation was
2 kGy. Also, sensory evaluation showed no significant
difference between them (P<0.05). Conclusion:
Hurdle technology has been more effective than
irradiation or nano-silver particles packing methods.
Therefore combined method can be used for microbial
decontamination of saffron with no significant
differences on chemical characteristics and sensory
attributes. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2012 9(4): 265-270
Saffron, gamma irradiation, silver nano particles, crosin, picrocrocin, safranal
http://ijrr.com/article-1-821-en.html
http://ijrr.com/article-1-821-en.pdf
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
9
4
2012
3
1
Radioactive iodine and radioactive cesium: two important radio-hazard elements in post nuclear power plant crisis
271
273
EN
V.
Wiwanitkit
wviroj@yahoo.com
Y
The present nuclear leakage crisis from Japan is
a topic to be discussed in present public health. In
radiology, the leaked radioactive elements are
considered hazard. Here, the author briefly reviews
and discusses on two important radio-hazard
elements in post nuclear power plant crisis, radioactive
iodine and radioactive cesium. Based on previous
similar nuclear crisis in Russia, it is evidenced that
the increased incidence of some cancers in
post-crisis period is due to exposure to these two
important radioactive elements. Iran. J. Radiat. Res.,
2011 9(4): 271-273
Radioactive, nuclear crisis, iodine, cesium
http://ijrr.com/article-1-822-en.html
http://ijrr.com/article-1-822-en.pdf