Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 CO2 laser surgery for laryngeal cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review 1 7 EN S. Zheng Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Fushun Mining Bureau of Liaoning Health Industry Group, FuShun City, Liaoning Province, China zhengsy2048@163.com Y Y. Zhan Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Air Force Hospital of the Northern Theatre of the People's Liberation Army, ShenYang City, Liaoning Province, China N F. Bao Department of Pharmacy, Fushun Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, FuShun City, Liaoning Province, China N M. Su Department of Operating room, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, ShenYang City, Liaoning Province, China N T. Gong Department of Second Interventional Medicine, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, ShenYang City, Liaoning Province, China N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.1 Background: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CO2 laser surgery (CO2-LS) in treating patients with laryngeal cancer (LC) by comparing it with other therapeutic modalities. Materials and Methods: The randomized controlled trials of CO2-LS for LC from the creating day of databases to February 2023 were searched on PubMed, Embase, Web of science databases and the Cochrane library, without language restrictions. Data were extracted independently by two investigators, followed by the article quality assessment and cross-check. This meta-analysis involved five studies with good quality, covering 405 LC patients. Results: Data analysis demonstrated a higher voice handicap index (VHI) in CO2-LS-treated patients compared to the control group at 6 months postoperatively [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.12, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (0.19, 2.04), P = 0.02], but a lower shimmer value at 3 months postoperatively [OR = 1.04, 95% CI (0.92, 1.17), P<0.00001]. The control group exhibited a lower postoperative mucosal stability compared to the CO2-LS group [OR = 0.41, 95%CI (0.21, 0.79), P=0.008]. The subgroup analysis showed more operation time [OR = 3.48, 95% CI (2.86, 4.10), P<0.00001] compared to the CO2-LS group, with statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Comparing to other treatment modalities, CO2-LS is advantageous in mucosal recovery in LC patients, but not in postoperative survival and vocal quality. Carbon dioxide laser surgery, laryngeal cancer, effectiveness, safety, meta-analysis. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5204-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5204-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 A computerized tomography based deep learning diagnostic method of maxillary sinus fungal balls 9 15 EN L. Peng Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China N Q. Wu Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital/Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China N R. Shi Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital/Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China N H. Kong Inspection Technology Laboratory, Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center of Midea Group, Shanghai 201702, China N W. Li Department of Radiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China N W. Duan Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China N L. Zhu Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China zhulx2008@163.com Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.9 Background: Traditional diagnostic methods are limited in accuracy when detecting maxillary sinus fungal balls, leading to a higher risk of misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. This study focuses on a deep learning-based algorithm for assisting in the localization and diagnosis of maxillary sinus fungal balls, addressing the limitations of conventional diagnostic procedures. Materials and Methods: Axial CT imaging data of maxillary sinus were collected from 107 patients, including 47 cases of maxillary sinus fungal balls, 30 cases of other maxillary sinus lesions and 30 cases of healthy maxillary sinus, based on which, a dataset was constructed and a two-stage assisted diagnosis algorithm consisting of a classification and detection model was established. In the first stage, slices containing maxillary sinus were classified and selected. In the second stage, the selected slices were detected to diagnose and localize the fungal ball lesions in the maxillary sinus. Results: The accuracy of the classification model was 92.71%, the mAP and AP50 of the detection model were 0.73 and 0.76, respectively, and the accuracy of the algorithm for the diagnosis of maxillary sinus fungal balls was 84.4%. Conclusion: It is feasible to develop a two-stage auxiliary diagnosis method for maxillary sinus fungal ball based on deep learning. Maxillary sinus, fungal ball, computed tomography, deep learning, convolutional neural network. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5206-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5206-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Evaluation of statistical prediction model fitting by combining fiducial markers and lung volume for stereotactic body radiotherapy 17 22 EN Y. Tanabe Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kita, Okayama 700-8525, Japan tanabey@okayama-u.ac.jp Y T. Deguchi Facility of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kita, Okayama 700-8525, Japan N M. Kiritani Facility of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kita, Okayama 700-8525, Japan N N. Hira Facility of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kita, Okayama 700-8525, Japan N S. Tomimoto Facility of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kita, Okayama 700-8525, Japan N H. Nishikawa Facility of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kita, Okayama 700-8525, Japan N S. Tsumoto Facility of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kita, Okayama 700-8525, Japan N H. Tanaka Department of Radiation Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.17 Background: This study evaluates the tracking accuracy of the lung tumor volume and fiducial markers using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and fitted neural network models. Materials and Methods: This study utilized data from 31 patients (109 fiducial markers) who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). The respiratory movements of fiducial markers, lung tumors, and lung volume were calculated using 4DCT. Cross-correlation coefficients were then calculated to analyze the phase movements of fiducial markers, lung tumors, lung volume, direction displacement, and lung area (upper, middle, and lower lobes). Statistical prediction models were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the left–right (LR), anterior–posterior (AP), cranial–caudal (CC), and three-dimensional (3D) cross-correlation coefficients between fiducial markers and lung tumors. The coefficient of determination (R2) was used to determine the accuracy of the statistical prediction models for the explanatory variables. Results: The correlation between fiducial marker and lung tumor, as well as lung tumor movement by time phase, yielded the following R2 values—LR: 0.920, AP: 0.319, CC: 0.675, and 3D: 0.449 for the upper lobe; LR: 0.567, AP: 0.627, CC: 0.955, and 3D: 0.939 for the middle/lower lobes. Statistically significant differences were observed in the CC and 3D directions within each lower lobe. Conclusions: The respiratory movements of fiducial markers and lung tumors in lung SBRT show stronger correlation with the movement of lung volume in the middle/lower lobes compared to that in the upper lobes. Combining a fiducial marker with lung volume improves the prediction accuracy of the respiratory movement of lung tumors. Pelvis, Stereotactic body radiotherapy, Four-dimensional computed tomography, Respiratory movement, Statistical prediction model, lung cancer. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5207-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5207-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Radiation oncology knowledge levels among nurses working in oncological branches 23 26 OTHER T. Koca Department of Radiation Oncology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine Antalya, Turkey timurkoca3@gmail.com Y Y. Sengun Department of Radiation Oncology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine Antalya, Turkey N R. Atil Aksoy Department of Radiation Oncology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine Antalya, Turkey N E. Atak Department of Radiation Oncology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine Antalya, Turkey N F. Kartoz Department of Radiation Oncology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine Antalya, Turkey N A. Fidan Korcum Department of Radiation Oncology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine Antalya, Turkey N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.23 Background: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the radiation oncology knowledge level among nurses working in oncological branches. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire inquiring about the radiation oncology knowledge level of nurses was developed and applied. Participants were composed of nurses working in oncology-related branches in a University Hospital. Fifty-eight nurses participated in the survey and answers were analyzed. Results: The vast majority of nurses (93.2%) stated that their knowledge about radiation oncology was inadequate. Furthermore, nurses with work experience of 12 years and more, who were defined as an experienced group, gave statistically significantly better answers to the three questions which were about the curative indications of radiotherapy (p=0.001), its use in oncological emergencies (p=0.01), and radiotherapy equipment (p=0.01). Conclusions: Nurses from different oncological branches will come across with many patients receiving radiotherapy during the course of their professional life. It is of great significance for nurses to be aware of the general aspects and side effects of radiation therapy as one of the main modalities in oncology. It must be considered to create both graduate and post-graduate education programs about radiation oncology to increase the exposure among nurses. Oncology nursing, radiotherapy, knowledge level. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5208-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5208-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Breast-specific gamma imaging versus ultrasound and mammography for breast cancer diagnosis: A meta-analysis 27 33 EN Y. Zhang Department of General Surgery, Department of Radiology, Department of Orthopedics, the Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Beihai, Guangxi Province, China N D. Zhu Department of Radiology, Department of Orthopedics, the Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Beihai, Guangxi Province, China N R. Feng Department of Orthopedics, the Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Beihai, Guangxi Province, China fengruibin0915@163.com Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.27 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is presently reported to have the highest incidence of cancer in females globally. Several imaging methods are available for early BC diagnosis and for improving its treatment outcomes. The present meta-analysis compared the effectiveness of breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI), mammography, and ultrasound for diagnosing BC. Material and Methods: Relevant studies on this topic were retrieved from the PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases. Pooled sensitivity and specificity as well as the area under the curve (AUC) value of a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve of the three imaging modalities were compared. Results: Ten studies were retrieved, which included 2621 lesions from 2482 patients. The pooled sensitivity values of BSGI, ultrasound, and mammography were 0.90, 0.88, and 0.75, respectively (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88-0.91, 0.86-0.89, and 0.72-0.77, respectively). The pooled specificity values of BSGI, ultrasound, and mammography were 0.83, 0.67, and 0.76, respectively (95% CI: 0.81-0.85, 0.64-0.69, and 0.74-0.78, respectively). The AUC values of BSGI, ultrasound, and mammography were 0.9355, 0.8644, and 0.8221, respectively. Conclusions: Compared to ultrasound and mammography, BSGI has the best diagnostic performance to discern malignant and benign breast lesions and could play a crucial role in diagnosing BC in women who have dense breasts. BSGI, ultrasound, mammography, breast cancer, meta-analysis. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5209-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5209-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Three-dimensional coded aperture scintigraphy proposed for early tumor detection 35 41 EN K. Hussain Department of Computer and Communication System Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia Khalidhussain1134@gmail.com Y M.I. Saripan Department of Computer and Communication System Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia N M.A. Alnafea Physics Department, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia N D. Mahboub Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia N R. Mahmud Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia N W.A. Wan Adnan Department of Computer and Communication System Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia N D. Xianling Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde City, Hebei, China N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.35 Background: Modified Uniformly Redundant Array (MURA) Coded Aperture (CA) is a type of mask recently proposed for breast tumor imaging. Such masks have been frequently used in nuclear medicine clinical applications for the past two decades. All CA imaging methods are still limited to planar imaging, with only a few exceptions where they can be used for thin 3D imaging. At present, there is no commercially available SPECT camera that employs CA technology. Materials and Methods: This paper is investigating the proof-of-concept of the MURA CA mask for 3D breast tumor imaging. Such image formation performed well in planar imaging, but it is not fully evaluated for thick sources in 3D imaging. This paper demonstrated the performance of MURA in 3D breast imaging. The proposed imaging system uses a MURA mask and antimask dual reconstruction, and the raw projections are reconstructed using an iterative algorithm, Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM). Results: The MURA antimask-reconstructed images are summed with mask images to enhance sensitivity, and the resultant image with up to 3 mm lesion diameter can be detected. The reconstructed image quality is measured by plotting profiles and by measuring contrast-to-background ratio, peak-signal-to-noise ratio, and mean square error. Conclusion: The proposed scintigraphy system has successfully reconstructed a breast phantom with a lesion of 3 mm diameter and tumor-to-background ratio of 10:1 using a MURA CA mask. Therefore, MURA 3D scintigraphy can be used to diagnose cancer at an early stage. MURA CA investigation, coded aperture imaging, breast tumor imaging, MELM reconstruction, 3D scintigraphy. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5210-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5210-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Clinical efficacy of CT positioning-guided puncture and drainage of cerebral hemorrhage 43 48 EN Rong Cai Department of Operating Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.43 Background: To probe the effects of computed tomography (CT) positioning-guided puncture and drainage of cerebral hemorrhage. Material and Methods: Totally 120 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (HCH) in our hospital from February 2022 to January 2023 enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized into observation group (OG) and control group (CG), including 60 cases in each group. Patients in the CG were given conservative treatment. Patients in the OG were given CT guided puncture and drainage of intracerebral hemorrhage. The effects of different treatment on clinical efficacy, daily living ability, motor function of limbs, quality of life, incidence of postoperative complications and patient satisfaction were compared. Results: The total clinical response rate in the OG reached 93.33%, which was significantly higher compared with the 78.33% in CG (χ2=5.55, P<0.05). After treatment, daily living ability and motor function scores were elevated in both groups, and were higher after CT positioning-guided puncture than conservative treatment (P<0.05). The score of social relations, mental function, mental vitality and physical function were higher while the complication rate was lower in the OG in comparison with the CG (P<0.05). Moreover, OG also showed higher patient satisfaction rate than the CG (96.67% VS 78.33%), with statistical significance (χ2=9.22, P<0.05). Conclusion: CT positioning-guided puncture and drainage is a reliable and effective approach to attenuate the hematoma, improve the life quality of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, with better clinical response and less complications relative to the conservative treatment. Computed tomography, puncture and drainage, intracerebral hemorrhage, hypertension. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5211-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5211-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Study on diagnostic value of ultrasound combined with mammography in breast cancer with different clinical and pathological features 49 54 EN Y. Xu Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China N J. Qian Department of Breast Surgery, The Women's and Children's Hospital of Linping District Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China N F. Wang Department of Breast Surgery, The Women's and Children's Hospital of Linping District Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China N Y. Chen Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China cyd963136@163.com Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.49 Background: To assess the diagnostic value of ultrasound (US) combined with mammography in breast cancer with different clinical and pathological features. Materials and Methods: Totally 340 female patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent color ultrasound and mammography examination and the diagnostic efficiency in breast cancer with different clinical and pathological features was assessed. Results: The diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound in breast cancer with different Body Mass Index (BMI), initial symptom, histological grade, and hormone receptor (HR) status was similar. The diagnostic sensitivity of mammography in breast cancer with different histological grade, HR status and Ki-67 positive rate was similar. However, the diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound and mammography was higher in age ≥50 years, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound in Ki-67 positive rate >20 was higher than that in Ki-67 positive rate ≤20. The diagnostic sensitivity of mammography was higher in BMI >30 and in the initial symptom with calcification. Moreover, in different molecular subtypes, the diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound and mammography in HR+HER2+ was the highest, followed by HR-HER2+, HR-HER2- and HR+HER2-. The diagnostic efficiency of ultrasound combined with mammography in different age, BMI, initial symptom, histological grade and HR status was similar. In addition, the diagnostic efficiency of ultrasound combined with mammography was higher than single ultrasound and mammography. Conclusion: Ultrasound combined with mammography showed high diagnostic efficiency in breast cancer with different clinical and pathological features was high, and is worthy for clinical promotion. Breast cancer, ultrasound, mammography, cancer diagnosis. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5212-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5212-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 A modified deep learning model in the classification of post-COVID-19 lung disease and a comparative study on Iranian and international databases 55 64 EN S. Cheraghi Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N S. Amiri Department of Computer Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark N F. Abdolali Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Alberta University, Edmonton, AB, Canada N A. Janati Esfahani Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran janaty.azam@gmail.com Y A. Amiri Tehrani Zade Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran N R. Ahadi Department of Anatomical Science Iran University of Medical Science Tehran, Iran N F. Ansari Department of Radiation Sciences, Allied Medicine Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N E. Raiesi Nafchi Department of Radiation Sciences, Allied Medicine Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N Z. Hormozi-Moghaddam Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.55 Background: We introduced Mask R-CNN+CNN as a deep learning model to classify COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases. Radiomic features relevant to COVID-19 was presented for Iranian and other nationalities. Materials and Methods: Chest CT images from 800 COVID-19 positive and negative patients were studied. The automated volume of the lung and segmentation of COVID-19 lung lesions were implemented using 3D U-net, Capsule network, and Mask R-CNN on annotated CT images. Deep learning models designed were based on Mask R-CNN, CNN, and Mask R-CNN+CNN algorithms to classify COVID-19 cases. We also explored radiomic features relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic in the lungs for chest CT images and implemented random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) algorithms on two datasets. Results: The Mask R-CNN+CNN model demonstrated a higher classification accuracy (96.39 ± 2.94) compared to the Mask R-CNN and CNN models. The RF algorithm had greater power in differentiating relevant COVID-19 radiomic features compared to DT and GBDT, with an accuracy of at least 91 and an AUC of at least 985 in both datasets. We identified six radiomic features that were relevant to the pathological characteristics of COVID-19 positive/negative patients and were common across all datasets. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the power of Mask R-CNN+CNN with a ResNet-101 backbone as a CNN algorithm that utilizes bounding box offsets output from Mask R-CNN as the input for classifying COVID-19 cases. Radiomic features extracted from lung CT images might aid the diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients at various stages of the disease. Machine learning, COVID-19, Computed tomography, Mask R-CNN+CNN, Deep learning. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5213-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5213-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Research progress in the application of radiotherapy in the treatment of pediatric tumors 65 75 EN Z-H. Wang Department of Radiation Therapy, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China 041000 N Y. Liu Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China N J-Q. Guo Department of Medical, Xi’an Fourth Hospital, Xi’an, China N H-L. Liang Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China N W-W. Zhi zweiwei0331@sina.com Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.65 Background: The principle of treatment of pediatric tumors is to kill tumors to the greatest extent and improve long-term quality of life through surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other means combined according to the specific disease and pathological type. Radiotherapy is an important means for the treatment of pediatric tumors. With the development of radiotherapy technology, it plays an increasingly important role in clinical work. This paper briefly summarizes the characteristics of radiotherapy in pediatric tumors and introduces the application of radiotherapy in some major pediatric tumors. Materials and Methods: Relevant articles published in the PubMed database between 2010 and 2022 were searched. The researchers then looked at the data one by one and looked at the citation, which was their reference at the end of each paper. Inclusion criteria were, articles describing radiation therapy for pediatric tumors; experimental and clinical studies of different radioactive means; and standard methods and rigorous thinking. Exclusion criteria were, meta-analysis article; the literature was published before 2010. Results: In this paper, radiation therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, glioma, Wilms's tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma is summarized and their characteristic radiation conditions are analyzed. Conclusions: Radiotherapy for children with tumors should not blindly pursue high-dose radiotherapy, but the combination of different therapeutic methods should be adopted to achieve the purpose of tumor treatment and minimize the impact on the growth and quality of life of patients. Children, tumor, radiotherapy, treatment, research progress. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5215-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5215-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Protective effect of irradiated-Ficus carica dried leaf against hepatic-damage induced by ethanol in male rats 77 83 EN A.A. Mansour Food Irradiation Research Department, Natural Products Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt N A.M. Abdul Azeem Food Irradiation Research Department, Natural Products Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt alyncrt @yahoo.com Y A.N. El shahat Food Irradiation Research Department, Natural Products Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt N M.H.M. Abd el Megid Natural Products Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.77 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma rays and electron beams (5kGy) on the chemical content of dried fig leaves. In addition, the hepatoprotective effect of irradiated-dried fig leaves powder (GFLP) against ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, sugar, total phenolic, total flavonoid content, phytate, and tannin contents of either raw or irradiated dried fig leaves were detected in this study. For the experimental study, 28 male rats were divided into four groups; Group C, control; Group 2: received an oral dose of ethanol (0.5 ml/100 gm b.wt. /day /5 weeks) and Groups 3-4: rats fed daily (60 min after EtOH injection) on either raw or irradiated fig leaves powder (4% of the weight of the diet). Results: It was observed from the results that gamma-irradiation (5 kGy) resulted in a higher increase in DPPH radical scavenging activity, sugar, total phenolic and total flavonoid content, and a higher reduction in phytate and tannin contents than e-beam irradiation. The results of the experimental study revealed that treatment of EtOH-rats with GFLP resulted in a significant reduction in the serum blood alcohol level, the activity of some liver enzymes, level of tumor necrotic factor-alpha, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, and lipid profile contents associated with significant elevation in the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, hepatic total antioxidant capacity and glutathione content relative to EtOH-group. Conclusion: The enhanced antioxidant activities of Ficus carica leaves through irradiation could be applied as a natural antioxidant source in foodstuff. Ficus carica, gamma irradiation, e-beam, ethanol. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5216-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5216-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Assessment of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer by MRI and PETCT: a meta-analysis 85 90 EN P. Zhao Department of Radiology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, 311200, China N Y. Xu Department of Radiology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, 311200, China N C. Xie Department of Radiology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, 311200, China XcmandTT@163.com Y M. Zhan Department of Radiology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, 311200, China N Y. Qian Department of Radiology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, 311200, China N Z. Gao Department of Radiology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, 311200, China N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.85 Background: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography (PETCT) in assessing the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCRT) for Rectal cancer (RC) was performed to provide a reference for better clinical assessment in the future. Materials and Methods: Relevant literature on the assessment of the effects of MRI and PETCT on RC nCRT was screened through PubMed, Cochrane, EMBAS and other literature databases, and the final literature for analysis was determined after cross-screening by two study team members. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to assess the quality of the literature and extract relevant information such as authors, year of publication, and results, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.1 software. Results: Through screening, six references were finally included, totaling 396 cases of study subjects, and the results of literature quality evaluation showed that the selected literature was of high quality and had some reference value. Meta-analysis revealed a sensitivity of 0.76 and a specificity of 0.74 for the final combination of MRI; the sensitivity and specificity of the final combined PETCT were 0.78 and 0.71, respectively.  Deek’s test showed P>0.05 for both MRI and PETCT, with no publication bias. Conclusion: MRI and PETCT are similarly effective in predicting the effect of RC nCRT. Magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography computed tomography, rectal neoplasms, meta-analysis, neoadjuvant therapy. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5217-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5217-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 The effect of radiation-induced genotoxic stress on the expression of satellite II and satellite III repeats in breast and colon cancer cells 91 95 EN E. Yilmaz Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey N E. Ozgur Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey N S.B.Gazioglu Gazioglu Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey N C.K. Akbas Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey N U. Gezer Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey N E.E. Yoruker Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey akisik@istanbul.edu.tr Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.91 Background: Pericentric human satellite II (HSATII) and III (HSATIII) have been shown to be associated with stress response. Expression status of these satellite repeats has not yet been investigated under radiation-induced genotoxic stress. We evaluated the HSATII and HSATIII expression changes under genotoxic stress in cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cell line MCF-7 and cell line HCT-15 were irradiated with 2 and 5 Gy of ionizing radiation, and cell death rates, as a consequence of genotoxic stress, were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of HSATII and HSATIII expressions was assessed by RT-qPCR. Results: Radiation exposure induced a considerable level of cell death in a dose-dependent manner in both cell types. Compared to untreated cells, HSATII expression declined in MCF-7 cells which were exposed to 2 and 5 Gy radiation, respectively. In HCT-15 cells, the effect of radiation on the HSATII expression was not unified; only higher radiation dose led to a decrease of HSATII expression while 2 Gy increased HSATII expression. The effect of radiation on the HSATIII repeat expression was more pronounced in HCT-15 cells: in MCF-7 cells, HSATIII expression was decreased by 2- and 5-Gy, respectively (p=0.01). In the HCT-15 cells, the rates of HSATIII down-regulation were 3-fold and 2.8 fold by 2- and 5 Gy (p=0.0002 and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings reveal that genotoxic stress induced by ionizing radiation is associated with a decrease in the expression of pericentric satellites and the expression status of HSATII in these conditions may be dose- and/or cellular context-specific. Satellite DNA, breast cancer, colon cancer, radiation. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5218-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5218-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Application of ultrasonography and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in the diagnosis and localization of hyperparathyroidism 97 101 EN Y. Luo Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China N C. Peng Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200072, China N Q. Deng Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China N H. Song Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China N S. Zhai Department of Nuclear Medicine, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China zhaishijunprm@163.com Y Q. Zhou Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China zhouqing1619@163.com N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.97 Background: The To discuss the application value of ultrasonography (US) and 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy in hyperparathyroidism (HPT), so as to provide a more reliable guarantee for surgery or thermal ablation. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four HPT patients admitted to our hospital and the Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University from January 2018 to February 2023 were selected as research participants. All patients underwent cervical US, dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI planar scintigraphy, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and pathological examination. The diagnostic efficiency of the above three imaging modalities was evaluated with pathological findings as the gold standard. In addition, the influence of parathyroid position, size and histological type on imaging results was evaluated. Results: Among the 64 patients, 71 positive lesions were pathologically confirmed. The analysis showed that 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT (Kappa=0.806) and US (Kappa=0.686) had high consistency with pathological findings, while dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI planar scintigraphy had moderate consistency with pathological examination results (Kappa=0.594). Conclusions: 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy can significantly improve the diagnostic rate of parathyroid lesions. US is first recommended for patients suspected of HPT, followed by 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy for confirmation. Ultrasonography, 99mTc-MIBI, hyperparathyroidism, SPECT, CT http://ijrr.com/article-1-5219-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5219-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Secondary cancer risk estimation following prostate cancer radiotherapy through gEUD concept and NCRP-116 recommendations 103 109 EN S.H. Zoljalali Moghaddam Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N N. Eyvazzadeh Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran drnazilaeyvazzade@gmail.com Y B. Rezakhaniha Department of Urology, Imam Reza Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N H. Bagheri Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N H. Jalaei-Kho Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, 501 Army Hospital, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N H.R. Baghani N S.R. Mahdavi Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N M. Afshar Ardalan Department of Internal Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.103 Background: Radiotherapy is one of the practical modalities in prostate cancer treatment, but there is a risk of developing secondary cancers caused by unintended radiation inside the non-target organs. The current study aimed to evaluate the risk of secondary cancer development in organs at risk (the bladder and rectum) following prostate cancer radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A group of 39 patients with prostate cancer who were treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) were enrolled. A dose-volume histogram (DVH) corresponding to each patient was utilized to estimate the absorbed dose for the rectum and bladder and to calculate their respective generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD). Finally, the risk of secondary malignancies was estimated by employing the gEUD values and recommended risk factors by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) 116. Results: The gEUD values for the rectum and bladder ranged from 50–75 and 25-80, respectively. The mean gEUD values for the rectum and bladder were correspondingly equal to 60.97 Sv and 53.74 Sv, respectively. The mean secondary cancer risk (SCR) value for the rectum was 30.4%, while about 16.1% was estimated for the bladder. The estimated SCR in the rectum was 1.88 times higher than in the bladder. Conclusions: The rectum is more exposed to radiation and is endangered by the development of secondary cancer following prostate cancer radiotherapy. Nevertheless, the probability of cancer incidence in the bladder was also considerable. Prostate cancer, radiotherapy, gEUD concept, secondary cancer, NCRP-116. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5220-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5220-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Diagnostic value of tripartite magnetic resonance imaging model based on T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging for prostatitis, prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer 111 116 EN F. Yang Department of Radiology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China N W. Guo Department of Radiology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China amy1230717@163.com Y S. Sun Department of Radiology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China N Y. Huang Department of Radiology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.111 Background: To assess the value of tripartite magnetic resonance imaging model based on T2-weighted imaging (T2-WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as well as dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE) for the diagnosis of prostatitis, prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with prostatic diseases were selected from our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. All patients underwent T2-WI, DWI and DCE examination. Results: Among the 100 suspected patients, 40 were diagnosed with prostate cancer, 30 were prostatitis, and 30 were prostate hyperplasia. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value was reduced in prostate cancer patients compared to the prostatic hyperplasia as well as prostatitis groups (P<0.05). No difference was discovered in ADC value between the prostatic prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis groups (P>0.05). Moreover, the diagnosis efficacy of the tripartite magnetic resonance imaging model was higher compared to those of prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADS V2). Conclusion: The tripartite magnetic resonance imaging model based on T2-WI, DWI, as well as DCE has high diagnostic accuracy in prostatic diseases, with high sensitivity and low misdiagnosis rate, which might be valuable in clinical application. Prostatic Diseases, magnetic resonance imaging, T2-WI, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5221-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5221-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: CyberKnife-M6 experience 117 124 EN S. Sarihan Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Bursa, Turkey ssarihan@uludag.edu.tr Y S.G. Tunc Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Bursa, Turkey N Z.K. Irem Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Bursa, Turkey N A. Kahraman Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Bursa, Turkey N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.117 Background: We assessed local control and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with limited brain metastases (BM) who underwent stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) using the CyberKnife-M6 (CK-M6) system as well as the treatment efficacy. Materials and Methods: Twenty NSCLC patients with 40 BM were treated between 2018 and 2020. Median age was 61 years (46-80 years). Surgery was performed for nine lesions in eight cases. Median lesion size was 10 mm (2–38 mm). Resection cavities and intact metastases contoured as gross target volume. Planning target volume (PTV) was created with a margin of 0–2 mm. A median of 18 Gy (18–20 Gy) in one fraction was applied to 19 lesions, and 25 Gy/5 fractions (24–30 Gy/3–6 fx) to 21 lesions. Median treatment time was 20 min (13–35 min). Results: The median follow-up duration was nine months (1–15 months) in March 2021. Prescription isodose covering 95% of PTV was 85,9% (80% –92,7%). During the follow-up, local and intracranial control rates in evaluated patients were 88% (15/17) and 70,5% (12/17), respectively. Asymptomatic radionecrosis was observed in 23.5% (4/17) of patients at a median of 8 months (6–12 months). The median survival was 13 months (1–25 months). In univariate analysis, factors positively affecting survival were Karnofsky performance status, RPA, and DS-GPA classification (p < 0,05). Conclusion: Promising local control and survival in patients and treatment time demonstrated that CK-M6 based SRT was effective, safe and comfortable in the treatment of NSCLC with BM.  brain metastases, cyberknife-M6, stereotactic radiotherapy, efficacy. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5222-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5222-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Application of two-dimensional color ultrasonography technology to evaluate the postoperative repair of massive rotator cuff tears after arthroscopic humeral insertion displacement treatment 125 130 EN S. Wu Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian Province, China N Z. Yu Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian Province, China yzx830830830@163.com Y W. Lin Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian Province, China N W. Xu Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian Province, China N Y. Luo Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian Province, China N S. Guan Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian Province, China N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.125 Background: To explore the value of two-dimensional color ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of treatment effect of arthroscopic humeral insertion displacement for massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs). Materials and Methods: From February 2021 to April 2022, 42 patients diagnosed as MRCTs by shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were selected and separated into the control group (CG, n=21) and study group (SG, n=21). Patients in the SG received rotator cuff humeral insertion displacement and patients in the CG were treated with traditional suture bridge. The reliability of US imaging was examined and the clinical outcomes in two groups were compared. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of two-dimensional color ultrasonography reached 87.1% and 100% in detecting postoperative repair of MRCTs. Three months after surgery, compared with the CG, the university of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating scale (UCLA) scores in the SG were elevated (P<0.05), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in the SG were declined (P<0.05). Degrees of external rotation, internal rotation, back extension and forward flexion of shoulder joint in both groups were increased after surgery, and those in the SG were higher relative to the CG (P<0.05). The retear rate of the SG was reduced compared with the CG (P<0.05). SG showed higher patient satisfaction rate compared with the CG (P<0.05). Conclusion: Two-dimensional color ultrasonography is a reliable approach to evaluate the repair of MRCT after arthroscopic rotator cuff internal displacement, which can reduce shoulder pain, improve patient life quality, and is valuable for promotion. Color ultrasonography, arthroscopic surgery, massive rotator cuff tears. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5223-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5223-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Comparative bio-effect of gadolinium with alternative contrast medium of magnesium chloride and zinc oxide nanoparticles on single-strand DNA following exposure to magnetic resonance imaging 131 137 EN R.M. Shaheen School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia rmoozshahin@yahoo.com Y N.N.A. Bt Nik Ab Razak School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia nnashikin@usm.my N M.M. Radhi Health and Medical Technology College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq N N. Binti Suardi School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia N M. Mohammed Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.131 Background: Gadolinium (Gd) is a widely used MRI contrast agent that improves visibility and aids in accurate diagnosis. However, conflicting reports exist regarding its genotoxic effects. This study investigates the bio-effects of Gd and alternative contrast media, magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on DNA single-strand breaks. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro comparative experiment, 12 adult New Zealand rabbits (males aged between 4.5 to 5.5 months, weighing 2.5 to 3.0 kg) were utilized. The rabbits received intravenous injections of different contrast agents, namely Gd (n=3), MgCl2 (n=3), ZnO NPs (n=3), and a control group (n=3). Following this, all the rabbits were subjected to MRI at 1.5 Tesla (T) with an RF of 64 MHz for 20 minutes. The alkaline comet assay assessed the presence of single-strand breaks (SSB). Results: The results of the study revealed a statistically significant increase in DNA SSB in both the Gd (p<0.010) and ZnO NPs (p=0.006) treated groups compared to the normal control group. However, the alternative MgCl2 treatment did not elicit a statistically significant effect on the DNA single-strand compared to the control group (p=0.277). Conclusion: The contrast medium Gd and alternative ZnO NPs were demonstrated to cause significant DNA single-strand breaks, with the Gd causing more damage than ZnO NPs. However, the alternative contrast MgCl2 was safer with no effect on DNA single-strand. This suggests that MgCl2 is more suitable as an alternative contrast media in MRI scanning. Magnetic resonance imaging, gadolinium, magnesium chloride, zinc oxide nanoparticles, DNA single-strand, alkaline comet assay. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5224-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5224-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 The application value of computed tomography perfusion imaging in diagnosing early cerebral infarction 139 143 EN B. Sun Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China N Z. Wang Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China wzhigang202212@163.com Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.139 Background: To clarify the value of computed tomography (CT) perfusion (CTP) imaging in diagnosing early cerebral infarction (CI). Materials and Methods: Totally 100 suspected early CI patients in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2022 were selected and divided into observation and control groups based on examination methods, with 50 patients per group. In control group, patients received plain scanning through 64 row multi-slice spiral CT. On this basis, patients in observation group received CTP in certain area. Comparison of detection rate between groups was conducted. The observation indicators of CI patients detected by CTP in observation group were recorded and analyzed, including the mean transit time (MTT) of the same blood volume, cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and time to peak (TTP). The satisfaction with examination in both groups was explored. Results: CTP presented higher detection accuracy than plain CT scanning (P < 0.05). TTP presented elevation and MTT, CBV and CBF presented depletion in CI position than those in other cerebral position (P < 0.05). TTP, MTT, CBV and CBF presented statistical significance between ischemic penumbra (IP) position and CI position (P < 0.05). The satisfaction degree was elevated in observation group relative to control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: CTP in early CI has higher diagnostic value and accuracy and elevates patient satisfaction, helping reduce disability and mortality. Additionally, CTP has high maneuverability and flexibility, and can measure IP, reducing the degree of brain tissue damage in patients, and is worthy of clinical application. CT, perfusion imaging, cerebral infarction, detection accuracy, patient satisfaction. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5225-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5225-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 The effect of curcumin in combination with radiation therapy and hyperthermia for a glioblastoma spheroid model 145 153 EN B. Ghanbari Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N A. Neshasteh Riz Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran neshastehriz@yahoo.com N Z. Hormozi Moghaddam Hormozi Moghaddam Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran hormozimoghadam.z@iums.ac.ir Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.145 Background: The most common form of human primary brain tumor resistant to treatment is glioblastoma multiforme. For brain tumors, it is essential to optimize the treatment regimen with curcumin as a sensitizing agent and adjunctive to traditional or alternative therapy. This study aimed to determine the combined effects of cell death and apoptosis caused by curcumin before and after radiation with hyperthermia on glioblastoma in a monolayer cell culture and spheroid cell model. Materials and Methods: The spheroid cells were separately or simultaneously treated with the IC50% concentration of curcumin before and after 2 Gy radiation. Hyperthermia was then applied by incubating the cells at 43 °C for 1 hr. The survival rate of the cells was measured via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 expressions were quantified with real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results: Cell viability significantly decreased in the curcumin (before) with radiation group (CCM+IR) by 51.12%, and in the radiation, curcumin, and hyperthermia group (IR+ CCM+ H) by 31.01%. The expression level of Bax and caspase-3 significantly increased in the combination of radiation, curcumin, and hyperthermia group (IR+ CCM+ H) by 3.80 ± 0.02 and 5.13 ± 0.12, respectively. The Bcl-2 expression level in the radiation with curcumin and hyperthermia group was 0.41 ± 0.01, compared to the curcumin before radiation group (0.70± 0.05) and the curcumin after radiation group (0.60± 0.02). Conclusion: Curcumin was more effective on cell death after radiation. It caused a synergistic effect in combination with other adjuvant therapies for glioblastoma spheroid cells. Glioblastoma multiforme, spheroid cell culture, curcumin, radiation, hyperthermia. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5226-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5226-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Inhibitive property of chamomile against gamma-rays induced neurodegenerative disorders in mice 155 161 EN S.S. Tawfik Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), P. O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt N A.A. Elkady Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), P. O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt elkadyah13@gmail.com Y R.M. Ebrahim Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), P. O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt N W.A. El khouly Radiation Protection Department, Nuclear and Radiation Safety Research Center (NRSRC), P. O. Box: 7551, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt N A.A. Ali Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.155 Background: Chamomile is a supplementary food all over the world. The chamomile inhibitive effect on neurodegenerative disorders in γ-irradiated mice was investigated. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four mice were divided into 4 groups; control, chamomile-treated, γ-irradiated (8 Gy), and chamomile-treated and irradiated. Brain total thiols, lipid peroxidation (LP), nitric oxide (NO), reduced- and oxidized-glutathiones (GSH & GSSG), protein carbonyl (PC), antioxidant enzymatic activities and acetylcholinesterase (AChEA) were measured. The brain histopathology sections were observed. Results: A significant increase of levels of total thiols, LP, NO, GSSG, PC and AChEA activity and a decrease of the antioxidant enzymatic activities in the 8 Gy gamma-irradiated group compared to the controls. In chamomile-treated all estimated indices were considerably ameliorated in respect to control standards. Also, the chamomile intake has diminished the histopathological cerebrum alterations such as severe congestion, perivascular oedema, several apoptotic neurons and spongy degenerative changes. Conclusion: Chamomile may protect the brain from oxidative injury induced by γ-rays through its ability to inhibit LP, replenish the GSH level and antioxidant enzymes activity. Chamomile, neurodegenerative disorders, γ-rays, mice. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5239-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5239-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Backpropagation neural network-based survival analysis for breast cancer patients 163 169 EN J.F. Pei Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China N J. Zhang Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China cdshuyi19931866093@163.com Y D.C. Jin Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China N B.L. Miao Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.163 Background: A substantial number of women throughout the world are affected with breast cancer, a dangerous and sometimes deadly condition. The creation of precise prediction models to determine the chance of survival in breast cancer patients has drawn increasing attention in recent years. The use of backpropagation neural networks (BPNNs) to forecast breast cancer patient survival is investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: A total of 198 patients with early breast cancer who were treated in our hospital were selected The control group received traditional breast cancer radical mastectomy and radiotherapy, and the experimental group received mastoscopy Adjuvant nipple-areola complex (NAC) modified radical mastectomy combined with prosthesis implantation and radiotherapy was used to compare the surgical conditions, postoperative complications, patient satisfaction and living standards in two groups. Results: The range of change was small, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) ;in the laboratory group, patient dissatisfaction was noticeably raised over that in the standard group, and the discrepancy was politically sensitive (P<0.05); over that in the control group, the scores of all dimensions of survival quality were appreciably raised over that in the laboratory group, and the correlation was striking (P<0.05). Survival quality was greatly expanded in the experimental and postoperative groups at 3 and 6 months postoperatively before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); Conclusion: The study demonstrates that BPNN-based predictive models can be useful tools for improving the accuracy of breast cancer survival rate prediction, thus aiding in more effective treatment planning and decision-making for breast cancer patients. Breast lumpectomy, breast cancer, nipple-areola complex, prosthesis insertion. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5247-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5247-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Impact of reconstruction algorithms on the success rate and quality of automatic airway segmentation in children under ultra-low-dose chest CT scanning 171 177 EN J. Sun Department of Radiology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China N H. Li Department of Radiology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China N Z. Liu Department of Radiology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China N S. Wang Department of Medical Imaging, Children's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Urumqi 830000, China N Y. Peng Department of Radiology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China ppengyun@hotmail.com Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.171 Background: To investigate the success rate and quality of automatic airway segmentation using ultra-low dose CT (ULD-CT) images of different reconstruction algorithms. Materials and Methods: Fifty two children who underwent chest ULD-CT were divided into three groups for analysis based on age: group A (n=13, age, 1-2years), group B (n=19, age, 3-6years) and group C (n=20, age, 7-13years). CT images were reconstructed with filtered back-projection (FBP), 50% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-Veo (50%ASIR-V), 100%ASIR-V, deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) with low (DLIR-L), medium (DLIR-M), and high (DLIR-H) strengths. Subjective image quality was evaluated using a 5-point scale. CT value, noise, and sharpness of the trachea were measured. The VCAR software was used to automatically segment airways and reported the total volume. Segmentation success rates were recorded, and segmentation images were subjectively evaluated using a 6-point scale. Results: The average tracheal diameters were 8.53±1.88mm, 10.69±1.65mm, and 12.72±1.97mm, respectively for groups A, B, and C. The segmentation success rate depended on patient groups: group C reached 100%, while group A decreased significantly. In group A, 100%ASIR-V had the lowest rate at 7.69%, while DLIR-M and DLIR-H significantly improved the rate to 38.64% (P=0.03). For the segmented images, DLIR-H provided the lowest noise and highest subjective score while FBP images had the highest noise and 100%ASIR-V had the lowest overall score (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total airway volume among the six reconstructions. Conclusion: The airway segmentation success rate in ULD-CT for children depends on the tracheal size. DLIR improves airway segmentation success rate and image quality. CT, pediatrics, deep learning, image processing, computer-assisted. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5249-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5249-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Pediatric dose references levels estimation for routine computed tomography examinations in Great Khorasan province, Iran 179 184 EN H. Akbari-Zadeh Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran N S.S. Seyedi Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran N Z. Ganji Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran N H. Sherkat Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran N A.R. Montazerabadi Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran N M.T. Bahreyni Toossi Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran BahreyniMT@mums.ac.ir Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.179 Background: This study was performed to assess pediatric dose reference level for routine computed tomography (CT) examination (head, chest and abdomen-pelvic) along with its corresponding risks in Great Khorasan province, Iran. Martial and Methods: For this purpose, different CT scan parameters of patients in 1-5, 6-10, and 11-15 years old were collected from 23 public hospitals. The total and main organ effective dose (ED),  and DLP was estimated by Impact Dose software for each age group. In addition, the cancer risk of each CT examination was calculated according to the BEIR VII model and ICRP 103 data with PCMX software. Results: The results of the estimated values of dosimetric quantities indicated that the range of changes of these quantities is very wide (3 to almost 10 times) even in a certain age group. In common CT scans, the highest value for the average dose received by the patient was 27.14 mGy for the brain, 11.41 mGy for the lung, and 9.88 mGy for the bladder, respectively. Also the highest amount of REID in men and women are caused by abdominal-pelvic and breast CT scan, respectively. Conclusion: Although the values of studied quantities are not significantly different from similar reports, however, this does not reduce the important and necessity of the present study, as knowing the real amount dosimetric quantities in each area can help local authorities in revising and optimizing protocols to reduce patients’ dose. Pediatric dose, dose references levels, computed tomography, effective dose, cancer risk estimation. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5252-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5252-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Assessment of altered brain function in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures using resting-state functional MRI 185 192 EN M. Vardian Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran vardian.medphys@gmail.com Y M.A. Oghabian Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N M. Arbabi Medical Physics Group, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran N T. Ebrahimi Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.185 Background: Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure (PNES) is a disease characterized by the alternations in the brain network. The current study aimed to assess the global and local brain network changes in various brain regions for the patients with PNES using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Materials and Methods: The resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data of 32 adults (ranged from 22-61 years; mean: 33.1±7.2), including 16 healthy controls and 16 PNES patients, were obtained. Several standard global network parameters, including small-worldness, average clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and global efficiency, were investigated. Nodal characteristics, such as the degree of centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), nodal efficiency (NF), nodal local efficiency (NLF), nodal clustering coefficient (NCC), and shortest route, were also determined independently for each node (region) to represent local changes in the brain network. The local and global parameters’ values were compared between healthy individuals and PNES patients using Mann-Whitney statistical test. Results: There was no significant difference among the global parameter values obtained from PNES patients and healthy individuals (P˃0.05). However, many local brain network parameters showed statistically significant differences in the functional connectivity networks (P˂0.05), including attentional, sensorimotor, default mode, executive control networks, and subcortical area. Conclusion: Although global brain network parameters calculated from fMRI images were similar between healthy and PNES participants, many local brain network parameters showed statistically significant differences. Our findings support PNES patients' hypoactivity in the regions associated with awareness and motor control as well as their hyperactivity in the areas associated with emotion and motion control. Brain networks, PNES, graph theory, functional connectivity, rs-fMRI. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5253-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5253-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Protective efficacy of luteolin against γ-rays induced early pneumonitis in rats 193 198 EN S.S. Tawfik Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), P. O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt N A.A. El Kady Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), P. O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt elkadyah13@gmail.com Y R.M. Ebrahim Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), P. O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt N W.A. El khouly N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.193 Background: Radiotherapy treats over 70% of thoracic tumours; however, the technique frequently causes radiation-pneumonitis. Luteolin exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits chemotaxis release. The radio protective effects of luteolin on γ-rays-induced pneumonitis in rats were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two rats were distributed into four groups. Rats were exposed to 8.5Gy-γ-rays then, treated with or without luteolin for 20-days. Oxidative-stress, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory markers levels, collagen content, and histopathological structures were evaluated in lung tissue. Results: Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress after irradiation were down-regulated by luteolin treatment, demonstrating luteolin’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Luteolin attenuated lung histopathological changes which represented by desquamation of bronchiolar epithelia with pre-bronchiolar leukocytic infiltrations, proliferation of pneumocytes type ІІ, emphysema and collapse induced by γ-rays. Conclusion: The current study found, for the first time, that luteolin has a protective effect on whole body γ-rays-induced early lung injury in rat model. Luteolin, radio protector, radiation pneumonitis, γ-rays, rats. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5256-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5256-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Diagnostic value of chest computed tomography scan based on artificial intelligence and deep learning in children with lobar pneumonia and analysis of image features before and after treatment: A retrospective cohort study 199 205 EN L. Chen Department of Paediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. 430033 N S. Dong Department of Paediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. 430033 N Y. Chen Department of Paediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. 430033 xychenyongli@163.com Y L. Tian Department of Paediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. 430033 N C. He Department of Paediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. 430033 N S. Tao Department of Paediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. 430033 N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.199 Background: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the diagnostic value and image features of chest computed tomography (CT) scan in children with lobar pneumonia (LP) before and after treatment. Materials and Methods: 172 children with lobar pneumonia treated from January 2016 to December 2021 were selected. The patients who underwent plain X-ray scan were divided into control group (n = 72) and the patients who underwent chest CT scan as study group (n = 100). The diagnostic value and image characteristics before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the lesion area of the patient was absorbed in varying degrees, and the CT plain scan indicated that the solid shadow density decreased until it was completely absorbed. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of chest X-ray were 66.67%, 58.33%, 63.89%, 76.19% and 46.67% respectively; and chest CT scan were 82.98%, 67.92%, 75.00%, 69.64% and 81.82%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and negative predictive value of chest CT plain scan were higher, and the positive predictive value was lower compared to those of chest X-ray plain film. The results of ROC curve study indicated that the AUC of chest CT plain scan was 0.755 (95%CI=0.657-0.852), and the AUC of chest X-ray film was 0.625 (95%CI= 0.489-0.744). Conclusion: Chest CT has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of LP in children, which can clearly demonstrate the imaging features of LP before and after treatment. Artificial intelligence, deep learning, computed tomography, lobar pneumonia, image analysis. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5257-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5257-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Optically Stimulated Luminescence Nanodots experimental determination of bowtie filter shape in computed tomography 207 211 EN A. Khallouqi Hassan First University of Settat,, High Institute of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Settat, Morocco a.khallouqi@uhp.ac.ma Y W. Allioui Hassan First University of Settat,, High Institute of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Settat, Morocco N A. Halimi Hassan First University of Settat,, High Institute of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Settat, Morocco N O. El rhazouani Hassan First University of Settat,, High Institute of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Settat, Morocco N S. Didi Department of radiology public hospital, Mediouna, Morocco N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.207 Background: Computed tomography (CT) scans have become an essential diagnostic tool, but they carry significant risks due to the exposure of patients to ionizing radiation. Therefore, healthcare professionals have a responsibility to optimize radiation dose and image quality simultaneously. One factor that significantly affects the quality of images and radiation dose is the bowtie filter used in CT systems, which homogenizes and shapes the X-ray spectrum. However, its characteristic shape, specific to each manufacturer makes it impossible to model it from only the information in the technical note alone. Materials and Methods: This study presents a novel methodology using optically stimulated luminescence (OSLD) nanodots to determine the body bowtie filter shape in a Siemens SOMATOM EMOTION 16-slice CT. The accuracy of the body bowtie filter shape generated by OSLD was validated by performing Monte Carlo simulations of CT scans. Results: The difference between simulated and measured CTDIw values for the PET/CT Siemens at 80, 110 and 130 kVp were 4.02%, 7.74%, and 4.81%, respectively. Conclusion: In this work, it has been demonstrated that the use of OSLD nanodots allows for the determination of the shape of bowtie filters in CT scans with acceptable accuracy. This work has the potential to address a significant gap in the modeling of bowtie filters, which could significantly improve the optimization of radiation dose and image quality in CT scans. Computed tomography (CT) dosimetry,bow-tie filter, OSL dosimeter. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5258-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5258-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Radon gas concentrations and exhalation rates in soil samples of Al-Muthanna governorate, Iraq 213 217 EN A.R. Al-Jubouri Department of Physic, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq N A.A. Al-Hamzawi Department of Physic, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq anees.hassan@qu.edu.iq Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.213 Background: Radon gas is one of the sources of radiation in nature. It is a radioactive gas whose danger lies in the fact that it can enter the human body through breathing, causing possible lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Radon gas was measured by using the Columbia resin-39 (CR-39) alpha track detectors in 42 locations of different nature industrial, residential, and agricultural and investigated the exhalation rates from surface soil. Results: The results demonstrated that the radon gas concentrations varied from (173.31 to 507.80 Bq ⁄m³) and the average value of the radon exhalation rate in soil was 0.026 Bq ⁄m².h. Conclusion: The results can be used as baseline data to evaluate any changes in the radioactive background level due to human activities. Radon gas, exhalation rate, CR-39, alpha, Al-Muthanna governorate. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5259-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5259-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Natural gamma emitters in soil samples of Governmental departments of Al- Nasiriya city, Iraq 219 222 EN Kawthar Hassan Obayes Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Qadisiyah Governorate, Iraq kawthar.aljelehawy@qu.edu.iq Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.219 Background: The radionuclide concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K were measured in soil samples of some Governmental departments of Nasiriya city, at Thi Qar governorate Iraq. Materials and Methods: Using a NaI(Tl) detector, the specific activity of natural radionuclides in soil samples was evaluated. Results: The present investigation showed that the average values of specific activities (238U, 232Th, and 40K) were (5.37, 2.24, and 189.41 Bq/Kg), respectively. The averages values of the radiological hazards radium equivalent (Raeq), absorbed dose rate (Dγ), annual effective dose (AEDE), inside risk records (Hin), and external hazard index (Hex) were (23.16 Bq/kg, 11.96 nGy/h, 0.015 µSv/y, 0.059 µSv/y , 0.077, 0.063), respectively. Conclusion: According to these values, the results of the current study not exceeded the global permissible values of the natural radionuclides. Natural radioactivity, Na I (Tl) detector, Nasiriya, Thi Qar governorate. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5260-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5260-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Lung dose determined due to inhalation of radon gas from building materials used in Al-Shatra city, Dhi-Qar Governorate, Iraq 223 227 EN M. Sh. Aswood Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq murtadhababylon@gmail.com Y A.A. Elewee Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.223 Background: Inhaling radon is the most common way that humans are exposed to this radioactive gas. Radon can seep into buildings and homes, where it can accumulate to levels that can be harmful to human health. According to the World Health Organization, radon is the second most common cause of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: The radon concentrations, effective dosage and lung dose were assessed in construction building materials of sand, cement, and bricks in Al-Shatra City, Dhi-Qar Governorate, Iraq using solid state nuclear track detector CR-39. Results: The average radon concentrations in sand were 92.766 ± 46.518 Bqm-3, while in bricks was 198.256 ± 87.64 Bqm-3 and cement was 69.897±46.903 Bqm-3. According to this study, there was difference in the concentrations of radon, and the largest amount was found in the bricks.  An annual effective dose was 2.34 mSvy-1, 4.99 mSvy-1 and 1.76 mSvy-1 for sand, bricks and cement, respectively. On the other hand, the lung dose was determined to be 3.71, 7.92 and 2.795 for sand, bricks and cement respectively. Conclusion: The concentrations of radon gas in building materials were consistent with recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 200-300 Bqm-3 except the bricks materials. Radon concentration, CR-39, effective dose, lung cancer. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5262-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5262-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Secondary sequencing assisted diagnosis of pulmonary infection caused by Aspergillus oryzae in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report 229 233 OTHER Z. Wang Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China N Q. Liu Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China N D. Wang Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China N N. Zhang Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China N H. Jiang Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China N H. Li Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China Shaojingbo2024@163.com, Lihong131313@163.com N J. Shao Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China Shaojingbo2024@163.com Y 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.229 Background: Pulmonary Aspergillus has a high incidence and mortality rate, but is difficult to be diagnosed. It is mainly caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Pulmonary Aspergillus caused by Aspergillus oryzae is rare. This case reports an 8-year-old male patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who was found to have pulmonary Aspergillus oryzae infection by NGS of alveolar lavage fluid. Case Summary: The patient had ALL and received induction remission chemotherapy. During chemotherapy, the patient developed severe agranulocytosis and severe pneumonia. The treatment was performed accordingly. The second-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid identified the pathogen as Aspergillus oryzae. After combined antifungal treatment with caspofungin and voriconazole, pneumonia was absorbed and improved. One week later, spontaneous fluid pneumothorax accompanied by massive hemoptysis occurred, and the patient received rescue therapy, which was successful. Finally, the patient recovered after pulmonary lobectomy and purulent moss stripping. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary Aspergillosis are very important. Aspergillus oryzae infection has only rarely been reported in humans. Second-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid is an accurate and effective detection method to assist diagnosis of microorganism infection. Combination of caspofungin and voriconazole is an effective method to treat severe Aspergillus pneumonia. Aspergillus oryzae, pediatrics, precursor cell lymphoblastic leukemia, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, ct imaging. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5263-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5263-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Early detection of multiple myeloma by 2-[18-F] FDG PET/CT in extramedullary nasal plasmacytoma 235 237 EN M. Cheon Department of Nuclear Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, 05368 Seoul, Republic of Korea diva1813@naver.com Y J. Yoo Department of Nuclear Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, 05368 Seoul, Republic of Korea N HS. Kim Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Center, 05368 Seoul, Republic of Korea N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.235 Background: Plasma cell neoplasm is a group of disorders involving mature B-cells that results in excessive production of specific monoclonal heavy-chain immunoglobulins. Plasma cell neoplasm can present in different clinical forms. Case Presentation: An elderly female presented with long-standing nasal congestion and was diagnosed with nasal plasmacytoma. After a complete checkup, including 2-[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT), a diagnosis of extramedullary nasal plasmacytoma with synchronous multiple myeloma was concluded. Herein, we report a single case of a patient with extramedullary nasal plasmacytoma and synchronous multiple myeloma, including its clinical and imaging findings.  Conclusion: Multiple myeloma shows generally poor prognosis. Conversely, the prognosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma is good, and recurrence, metastasis, and transformation into multiple myeloma are rare. It is important to distinguish solitary plasmacytoma from other plasma cell diseases to choose the best treatment. A systemic understanding of the clinical and imaging features of extramedullary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma are may help clinical and imaging doctors correctly diagnose the disease. Extramedullary plasmacytoma, nasal cavity, multiple myeloma, 2-[18F]FDG, PET/CT. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5264-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5264-en.pdf

Dr. Hossein Mozdarani International Journal of Radiation Research 2322-3243 2345-4229 22 1 2024 1 1 Maxillary sinus anterior wall recurrence after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma 239 242 EN Y. Fang Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China Y L. Wang Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China N X. Chen Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China N C. Cao Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China caocn@zjcc.org.cn N 10.61186/ijrr.22.1.239 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a radiotherapy-sensitive tumor, but local recurrence still exists in part of the patients after receiving radiotherapy. The location of local recurrence of NPC is usually “in-field” and cases of parotid and mastoid recurrences have been reported. We report a fifty-nine-year-old female patient who presented with maxillary sinus anterior wall recurrence seven months after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a soft tissue mass in the anterior wall of the right maxillary sinus and the recurrence of NPC was confirmed by histopathology after biopsy. To date, the patient is alive with disease without distant metastasis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of maxillary Sinus anterior wall recurrence after IMRT for NPC. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, recurrence, maxillary sinus, local failure. http://ijrr.com/article-1-5265-en.html http://ijrr.com/article-1-5265-en.pdf