2024-03-29T10:17:22+03:30 http://ijrr.com/browse.php?mag_id=3&slc_lang=en&sid=1
3-18 2024-03-29 10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research Int J Radiat Res 2322-3243 2345-4229 10.61186/ijrr 2003 1 3 Radiological protection of patients A. Niroomand-Rad diagnostic radiology nuclear medicine radiotherapy 2003 12 01 125 131 http://ijrr.com/article-1-18-en.pdf
3-19 2024-03-29 10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research Int J Radiat Res 2322-3243 2345-4229 10.61186/ijrr 2003 1 3 Radon monitoring in gas turbine and thermal power station A comparative study K. Kant S.K. Chakarvarti Background: In this study, measurement of indoor radon and its progeny levels was carried out in Gas Turbine Power Station in Haryana ( India ), where natural gas is used as fuel. For comparison, the results of a study carried out in thermal power plant in Haryana are also presented. Radon being a ubiquitous air pollutant has global impact and its monitoring in the environment at work places is essential from health and hygiene point of view. Materials and Methods: LR-115, Type- II (Kodak Pathe, France), plastic track detectors commonly known as solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) were used to measure the radon concentration over long integrated times. Alpha particles emitted from radon cause radiation damage tracks, which were subsequently revealed by chemical etching in NaOH. These alpha tracks registered were counted by optical microscope at suitable magnification and converted into radon concentration. Results: The radon levels measured at various locations were moderate to high and thus unsafe from health point of view. The potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC), radon levels (EEC), annual exposure, annual effective dose in the Gas Turbine Power Plant varied from 4.14 mWL to 26.7 mWL, 38.3 Bq m-3 to 247.6 Bq m-3, 0.17 WLM to 1.10 WLM and 0.66 mSv to 4.25 mSv respectively. Conclusion: In gas turbine power plant, the radon levels were found to be lower as compared with thermal power plant. In thermal power plant a lot of coal is being burnt which contains radionuclides. Coal fired plants release more radioactive waste which is hazardous into the air than gas power plants of equivalent capacity. Iran . J. Radiat. Res., 2003 1(3): 133 - 137 gas power station health environment SSNTDs 2003 12 01 133 137 http://ijrr.com/article-1-19-en.pdf
3-20 2024-03-29 10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research Int J Radiat Res 2322-3243 2345-4229 10.61186/ijrr 2003 1 3 A survey of natural uranium concentrations in drinking water supplies in Iran N. Alirezazadeh H. Garshasbi Background: Measurement of back ground concentration of uranium in drinking water is very important for many reasons, specially, for human health. The uranium concentration in drinking water in many counties is a matter of concern for clinical and radioactive poisoning. Materials and Methods: The uranium concentration in drinking water is determined using laser flourimatric uranium analyzer. For this purpose after sampling, sample handling and sample preserving, sample preparation and treatment for reduction of organic matter, the concentration of uranium is measured. Results: To determine the uranium concentrations in drinking water in Iran , nearly 200 water samples were collected from all sources supplying drinking water in 21 provincial centres in the country. The wells were found to be the main source for drinking water. Uranium in the samples was measured by a laser fluorimetry technique. According to results, the concentration values found in the wells ranged from 1.0 to 10.90 μgL-1, while nearly 95 percent of the cities had uranium concentrations in the wells at less than 4.70 μgL-1. Surface waters showed uranium concentrations in the range of 0.75 to 2.58 μgL-1. The daily intake of uranium from drinking water was estimated to range from 2.04 to 21.80 μgd-1, with the mean value of 5.44 μgd-1. Conclusion: Highest uranium mean concentration of 10.9 μgL-1 was found in Ardabil area where more studies should be done in that province in the future. Iran . J. Radiat. Res., 2003 1(3): 139 - 142 drinking water surface waters wells intake provincial centres Iran 2003 12 01 139 142 http://ijrr.com/article-1-20-en.pdf
3-21 2024-03-29 10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research Int J Radiat Res 2322-3243 2345-4229 10.61186/ijrr 2003 1 3 Application of MCNP4C Monte Carlo code in radiation dosimetry in heterogeneous phantom A. Mostaar M. Allahverdi M. Shahriari Background: In treating patients with radiation, the degree of accuracy for the delivery of tumor dose is recommended to be within ± 5% by ICRU in report 24. The experimental studies have shown that the presence of low-density inhomogeneity in areas such as the lung can lead to a greater than 30% change in the water dose data. Therefore, inhomogeneity corrections should be used in treatment planning especially for lung cancer. The usual methods for inhomogeneity correction are the Tissue-Air Ratio (TAR) method, the power low tissue-air ratio (Batho) method, and the Equivalent Tissue-Air Ratio (ETAR) method. But they are not able to calculate the dose with required accuracy in all cases. New and more accurate methods are based on Monte Carlo methods. They are able to account for all aspects of photon and electron transport within a heterogeneous medium. The focus of this paper is the application of MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particle) code in radiotherapy treatment planning. Materials and methods: Some special test phantoms were made of cork and Perspex instead of lung and normal tissue respectively (with electron densities relative to water equal to 0.2 and 1.137 respectively). Measurements were obtained using cobalt-60 radiation for four different fields. Then the results of RTAR, Batho and MCNP methods were compared to the measurements. Results: RTAR method has an error equal to 10% approximately. Also Batho method has an error especially in the low-density material. At least, MCNP method calculates correction factors very accurately. Its average error is less than 1% but it takes a long time to calculate the dose. Conclusion: Monte Carlo method is more accurate than other methods and it is currently used in the process of being implemented by various treatment planning vendors and will be available for clinical use in very near future. Iran . J. Radiat. Res., 2003 1(3): 143 - 149 inhomogeneity correction radiotherapy 2003 12 01 143 149 http://ijrr.com/article-1-21-en.pdf
3-22 2024-03-29 10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research Int J Radiat Res 2322-3243 2345-4229 10.61186/ijrr 2003 1 3 Evaluation of the role of mannitol in radaioprotection of amifostine M.R. Abbasi M. Foroughizadeh Moghaddam H. Mozdarani Background: Mannitol is present in the Ethyol ® (the trade name of amifostine) as an excipient. The mechanism of radioprotection of amifostine is radical scavenging. Since mannitol is another known radical scavenger, we studied the probable additive or synergistic effect of mannitol on the effect of amifostine. Material and Methods: Mice were irradiated with Co-60 γ -ray in the presence 400mg/kg mannitol alone or in combination with 400mg/kg amifostine. Survival of mice was assessed within 30 days after irradiation (LD 50/30). Moreover, the protective effect of drugs was evaluated using micronuclei (MN) assay. Slides were prepared using femoral bone marrow flush and stained in May-Giemsa. The frequency of MN was determined in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) for each sample. Results: Similar LD50/30 was observed for irradiated mice in the presence of amifostine alone or in combinations with mannitol. High frequency of MN was produced by 3 Gy γ -rays. Amifostine reduced radiation induced MN dramatically, but mannitol had no effect on γ -rays induced MN. Combination of mannitol with amifostine did not change the effect of amifostine alone. Conclusion: Radioprotection of ethyol is due to the effect of amifostine. Presence of mannitol apparently has no role in radioprotective effect of amifostine. Iran . J. Radiat. Res., 2003 1(3): 151 - 155 free radicals mannitol amifostine micronuclei LD50/30. 2003 12 01 151 155 http://ijrr.com/article-1-22-en.pdf
3-23 2024-03-29 10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research Int J Radiat Res 2322-3243 2345-4229 10.61186/ijrr 2003 1 3 [66Ga]Oxine complex preparation and stability as a possible PET radiopharmaceutical. A. R. Jalilian P. Rowshanfarzad A. Rahiminejad A.A. Rajamand A. J. Novinrooz Background: Gallium-66 (T1/2= 9.49 h) is an interesting radionuclide that has potential for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of biological processes in intermediate to slow target tissue uptake. Oxine has been labeled with this radioisotope in the form of [66Ga]gallium chloride for its possible diagnostic properties. Materials and methods: 66Ga was produced in the 30 MeV cyclotron (Cyclon-30, IBA) via the 66Zn(p,n)66Ga reaction.TLC was performed on polymer backed silica gel. A Gamma spectrometer HPGe detector was used for countings. Results: After the bombardment, the production yield was 11.2 mCi/ m Ah. The [66Ga]Oxine complex was obtained at the pH=5 in phosphate buffer medium at 37 ° C in 10 minutes. Radio-TLC showed an overall radiochemical yield of 97% (radiochemical purity > 98%). The chemical stability of the complex was checked in vitro with a specific activity of 896 mCi/ml. Conclusion: [66Ga]oxine can be used in diagnostic studies due to its suitable physico-chemical properties both in vitro and in vivo. Iran . J. Radiat. Res., 2003 1(3): 157 - 161 oxine positron emission tomography (PET) blood cell labeling stability 2003 12 01 157 161 http://ijrr.com/article-1-23-en.pdf
3-24 2024-03-29 10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research Int J Radiat Res 2322-3243 2345-4229 10.61186/ijrr 2003 1 3 The application of discriminant analysis in differentiation of fibroadenoma and ductal carcinoma of breast tissue using ultrasound velocity measurement Mokhtari-Dizadji M. Vahed M. Gity Background: Ultrasound propagation velocity was measured experimentally in normal, fibroadenoma and ductal carcinoma breast tissues, in order to distinguish normal breast tissue from tumors. Materials and methods: In quantitative measurements of ultrasound velocity, 403 breast tissue images were selected, comprising 130 normal breast tissue, 130 fibroadenoma, and 143 ductal carcinoma tumors. The cases were implanted in breast tissue mimicking materials and ultrasonic images (A-mode) at 35 ° C were processed and evaluated. Results: It was observed that ultrasound propagation velocity is an important factor for distinguishing in vitro specimens of fibroadenoma and ductal carcinoma from normal tissue (P-value<0.005). Evaluation of ultrasound velocities showed that from normal breast tissue, fibroadenoma and ductal carcinoma, ultrasound velocity increases respectively. The discriminant functions of types of lesions, based on ultrasound velocity, have been formulated by discriminant analysis. The results indicate that probability of discrimination, sensitivity and specificity for tumors and normal breast tissues are 72, 60 and 100 percents at 35 ° C. With measuring ultrasound velocities, we can distinguish normal breast tissue of from ductal carcinoma and fibroadenoma masses (with the probability of 100%). Conclusion: It is proposed that probably by measuring attenuation coefficient and ultrasound velocity on time, fibroadenoma and ductal carcinoma tumors can be differentiated well. Iran . J. Radiat. Res., 2003 1(3): 163 – 169 ultrasonic imaging velocity breast cancer diagnosis 2003 12 01 163 169 http://ijrr.com/article-1-24-en.pdf
3-25 2024-03-29 10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research Int J Radiat Res 2322-3243 2345-4229 10.61186/ijrr 2003 1 3 Possible effect of background radiation on cancer incidence in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. D. Shahbazi-Gahrouei Background: The induction of cancer appears to be the most important effect of low-dose ionizing radiation to occur in an exposed population. In developing countries 94% of human radiation is from natural sources. In Iran some high altitude regions such as, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari has high levels of the natural background radiation (higher than the worldwide average). Therefore, investigation of the incidence of cancer relevant to the radiation is very important in this province. Materials and Methods: In this study 751 cases suffering from cancer were investigated according to ICD10 named malignant during 5 years (since 1377 till 1381). 362 cases were selected those suffering from skin, breast, lung, thyroid cancers and leukemia. All data was obtained from health centers and pathological sections of relevant hospitals and statistical test, chi-square, was used for to analyse the data. Results: The result of this study showed that the prevalence of skin, breast, thyroid and lung cancers and leukemia as compared with total recorded cancers was about 20.5%, 7.5%, 2.6%, 1.1% and 16.2%, respectively. From all studied cases 48.3% were male and 51.7% were female. The total radiation induced cancer risk was greater for women than for men. Conclusions: The possibility of skin and thyroid cancers and leukemia is high due to the high levels of the natural background radiation in this province. Iran . J. Radiat. Res., 2003 1(3): 171 - 174 cancers incidence Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari 2003 12 01 171 174 http://ijrr.com/article-1-25-en.pdf
3-26 2024-03-29 10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research Int J Radiat Res 2322-3243 2345-4229 10.61186/ijrr 2003 1 3 Intramuscular hemangioma of the forearm Report of a case M. Vakilha F. Farhan F. Samiei S. Shariat A case of intramuscular hemangioma of the right forearm and hand muscle is presented in this study. This tumor may infiltrate the muscle and be misdiagnosed as a malignant neoplasm. The patient, a 14-year-old girl, presented to the clinic with right forearm and hand pain and swelling which began when she was 2 years old and had been gradually increasing in size. Because the mass might have been malignant, in 1990 a biopsy was performed. Histologic analysis revealed a benign intramuscular hemangioma. A second biopsy at 1992 reported intramuscular hemangioma, mixed type again. She had not received any other treatment. She was seen in March 2003 when the size of the mass had increased and was associated with a dull ache and swelling limited hand movements. The patient subsequently received radiotherapy. Iran . J. Radiat. Res., 2003 1(3): 175 – 179 forearm MRImaging arteriography 2003 12 01 175 179 http://ijrr.com/article-1-26-en.pdf