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Showing 4 results for Brain Injury
M.d., A. Kale, Ö. Pişkin, Y. Baş, B.g. Aydın, M. Can, Ö. Elmas, Ç. Büyükuysal,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background: Extensive research has been focused on radiation induced brain injury. Animal and human studies have shown that flavonoids have remarkable toxicological profiles. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of hesperidin in an experimental radiation induced brain injury. Materials and Methods: 32 adult male Wistar-Albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (control, hesperidin, radiation, and radiation+hesperidin groups; 8 rats in each group). 200 mg/kg doses of hesperidin were administered to the animals in the hesperidin and radiation+ hesperidin groups, radiation and radiation+ hesperidin groups were exposed to a dose of 20 Gy cranium region. Tissue samples, and biochemical levels of tissue injury markers in four groups were compared. Results: In all measured parameters of oxidative stress, administration of hesperidin significantly demonstrated favorable effects. Both plasma and tissue levels of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant status significantly changed in favor of antioxidant activity. Histopathological evaluation of the tissues also demonstrated significant decrease in cellular degeneration and infiltration parameters after hesperidin administration. Conclusion: This Hesperidin demonstrated significant neuroprotection after radiation induced brain injury. Further studies with different experimental settings including neurological outcome are required to achieve conclusive results.
C-H. Qin, S-J. Qiu, H-Z. Wang, F-H. Duan, D-L. Wu, Ph.d., X. Leng,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: To explore the changes of brain function and structure after radiotherapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), to investigate their correlation with altered cognitive function and to promote the recognition of radiation-induced brain injury (RBI). Materials and Methods: Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and three dimensional (3D) T1-weighted imaging scans were conducted on 32 patients and 34 healthy subjects. Cognitive function was assessed in all subjects using multiple cognitive scales. Differences in regional homogeneity (ReHo) and brain gray matter (GM) volumes between groups were analyzed using the DPARSF package and VBM methods. Results: ReHo in Cerebelum_Crus2_L of the NPC patients was significantly higher than that in the controls, and was significantly correlated with memory, general cognitive function, and executive ability. The GM volumes in right fusiform gyrus (FFG.R), left temporal pole: middle temporal gyrus (TPOmid.L), left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.L), Cerebelum_6_L, and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG.L) in the patients were significantly reduced compared with the controls, and were markedly correlated with multiple cognitive scale scores. Conclusion: Damage to brain after radiotherapy mostly involving the temporal lobe and cerebellum, manifested by a compensatory increase in ReHo and a decrease in GM volume, both of which were significantly correlated with multiple cognitive impairments. ReHo and brain GM volume can be considered as sensitive biomarkers to monitor RBI.
Y. Zhang, G. Ou, Q. Li, Ph.d., S. Ma, L. Du,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (10-2022)
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a common complication in patients with head and neck tumors. RIBI usually occurs six months to three years after therapy and is often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction, epilepsy, and other neurological dysfunctions. In severe cases, RIBI can cause a wide range of cerebral edema and herniation. A systematic search was conducted through PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases and articles with the keywords radiation-induced brain injury, pathogenesis and protective agents were collected. The commonly known pathogenesis of RIBI includes vascular injury, immune-inflammatory response, glial cell damage, and neuronal damage. Therapeutic agents, hyperbaric oxygen, surgery, and stem cells transplantation are the most common treatment for RIBI. Tamoxifen, curcumin, and quercetin can prevent glial cell activation, proliferation, and oxidative stress caused by irradiation. Over recent years, the RIBI remission rate has gradually increased; however, there are still no effective prevention and treatment methods. This review summarized recent progress in the treatment for RIBI, as well as the pathogenesis of RIBI, including vascular injury, glial cell injury, immune-inflammatory response, and neuronal damage.
N. Cini, O. Atasoy, Ph.d., M.a. Erdogan, G. Yaprak, E. Eroglu, C. Sirin, Y. Uyanikgil, O. Erbas,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background: The development of neurotoxicity in healthy, non-targeted brain tissue exposed to radiation during cranial radiotherapy (RT) is the most frequent event of radiation-induced adverse effects. The 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists may also have a range of neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiphlogistic properties in addition to their anti-emetic effects. Materials and Methods: Study groups were formed in the following ways: Group 2: Irradiation (IR)-only (IR+Saline); Group 1: Normal control (orally fed control); Group 3: IR+Granisetron (IR+Granisetron): whole-brain IR and Granisetron 1 mg/kg/day (Merck) administered orally. 15 days of all therapies were given. The 15 days were completed with behavioral testing. In the entire brain IR-only (placebo) group, a substantial deterioration was seen in all studied marker levels and behavioral test results. Results: Compared to the IR-only group, all of these biochemical indicators significantly improved in the granisetron group (IR+Granisetron), and levels of the control group returned to normal. In behavioral test analyses, a substantial decline in the open field and passive avoidance learning social recognition tests was seen in the IR-only group compared to the healthy control group, whereas an improvement was seen in the IR+Granisetron group. In addition, the IR-only group showed a reduction in hippocampus neurons and Purkinje neurons as well as an increase in hippocampal gliosis, whereas the IR+Granisetron group showed an improvement and a return to the normal control group counts. Conclusion: In summary, we discovered that granisetron had neuroprotective properties in a rat model of radiation-induced brain damage.
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