en Medical Physics Medical Physics تحقيق بديع Original Research <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: The present study aimed to investigate patient dose in common X-ray examinations to estimate effective dose in the digital radiography in Iran. Materials and Methods: Entrance surface dose (ESD) was measured based on applied exposure parameters for the common actual examination; and then effective dose (ED) was calculated by use of PCXMC software. The study was conducted on 15358 patients in 85 X-ray rooms; and the necessary data was collected for five age groups, 0-1 year, 1-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years old and adults in each projection. Results: The ranges of ESD and ED in different examinations for all the age groups are 0.02-10.20 mGy and 2.42-378.96 &micro;Sv respectively. Conclusion: The effective dose as criteria can be used to reduce patients&#39; doses. The special considerations such as: adequate training of imaging staff; updating clinical audits; patient dose considerations; implementation of systematic and regular quality assurance and quality control programs in medical imaging departments should be taken into account to optimize radiological practices.</div> Patient dose, dose reference level, dosimetry in diagnostic radiology, entrance surface dose, effective dose. 449 460 http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2055-31&slc_lang=en&sid=1 B. Mohsenzadeh 7900319475328460017276 7900319475328460017276 No Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran M.R. Deevband mdeevband@sbmu.ac.ir 7900319475328460017277 7900319475328460017277 Yes Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran R. Paydar 7900319475328460017278 7900319475328460017278 No Department of Radiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran M. Ghorbani 7900319475328460017279 7900319475328460017279 No Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran