<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>International Journal of Radiation Research</title>
<title_fa>نشریه پرتو پژوه</title_fa>
<short_title>Int J Radiat Res</short_title>
<subject>Basic Sciences</subject>
<web_url>http://ijrr.com</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>79</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>journal79</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2322-3243</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2345-4229</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.61882/ijrr</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1401</year>
	<month>1</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2022</year>
	<month>4</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>20</volume>
<number>2</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>en</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa></title_fa>
	<title>Statistical process control tools for setup reproducibility in quality control practices during nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy</title>
	<subject_fa>Radiation Biology</subject_fa>
	<subject>Radiation Biology</subject>
	<content_type_fa>تحقيق بديع</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Original Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa></abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-justify:newspaper&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-kashida-space:50%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:119%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f497d&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style:italic&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f497d&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;This study aims to perform quality control (QC) practices for setup reproducibility during radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using statistical process control (SPC) tools. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f497d&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style:italic&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f497d&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;A total of 480 fractional images from 48 NPC patients with the first 10 fractions of the treatment were collected&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;. In QC practices, setup errors &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;were described using the histogram and normal curve, cumulative frequencies of absolute setup errors and 3D Euclidean Distance (E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:5.9939pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;) were analyzed; the X ̅-S chart and process capability index (Cpk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;with the variable E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:5.9939pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt; were utilized to identify whether&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;the outlier occurred and to evaluate the QC process.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f497d&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style:italic&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f497d&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;The translational setup &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;error distributions were almost normal in Lateral, Longitudinal and Vertical directions and were narrower in Lateral and Vertical directions. Vertical translational errors and E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:5.9939pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt; with a larger magnitude sag appeared the most frequently. Between the couch sag and no sag, the E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:5.9939pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt; mean of 7 to 7 NPC patients with the same 3 patients was out of control and the standard deviation of E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:5.9939pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; of nil to 2 patients was outlier based on the X ̅-S chart, and the Cpk was 1.05 and 1.36 respectively, when the specification limit of translational errors was &amp;plusmn;3 mm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f497d&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style:italic&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f497d&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;aily imaging is necessary to increase setup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt; reproducibility&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt; for NPC patients and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;language:en-US&quot;&gt;more measures should be taken to facilitate quality assurance procedures. SPC is better applied to QC practices depending on the reliable data and the acceptable tolerance levels in further studies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Statistical process control, QC practice, Setup reproducibility, NPC, Radiotherapy.</keyword>
	<start_page>299</start_page>
	<end_page>306</end_page>
	<web_url>http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-908&amp;slc_lang=en&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>S. </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Xu</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>xushifei127@163.com </email>
	<code>7900319475328460021503</code>
	<orcid>7900319475328460021503</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Quality Control Center of Radiation Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Z. </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Li</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>7900319475328460021504</code>
	<orcid>7900319475328460021504</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Quality Control Center of Radiation Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>J. </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Hu</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>7900319475328460021505</code>
	<orcid>7900319475328460021505</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Quality Control Center of Radiation Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>J. </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Zhang</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>7900319475328460021506</code>
	<orcid>7900319475328460021506</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Quality Control Center of Radiation Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
