en Radiation Biology Radiation Biology تحقيق بديع Original Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="text-justify:newspaper"><span style="text-kashida-space:50%"><span style="line-height:119%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:black"><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Background</span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:black"><span style="language:en-US">Minimizing the radiation side effects in cancer therapy has become one of the major challenges in radiotherapy, especially if the cancer is located in vital organs such as the brain. Negative pi-meson-based therapy is one method of radiotherapy that allows cancer to receive a high radiation dose while the surrounding normal tissue receives a low radiation dose. This research aims to analyze negative pi-meson therapy&#39;s dose and irradiation time in glioblastoma multiforme. </span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Material and Methods</span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:black"><span style="language:en-US"> Simulation-based research is conducted using the PHITS program. The source used is a negative pion beam with an intensity of 2.5 &times; 10</span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:5.9939pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:black"><span style="language:en-US">⁸</span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:black"><span style="language:en-US"> pions/second with an energy of 30 MeV to 60 MeV with an interval of 1 MeV. The negative pion energy, which has the maximum dose rate in the cancer target area, was optimized to obtain the weighting factors and irradiation time. The irradiation was carried out in 30 fractions with the dose per fraction of 2 Gy. </span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Results</span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:black"><span style="language:en-US">Irradiation time per fraction obtained was 194.91 seconds. The organ at risks (OARs) analyzed in this research were soft tissue, skin, brain, and cervical spinal cord. The doses received by the OAR are 0.2641 Gy, 0.7645 Gy, 7.3295 Gy, and 0.075 Gy, respectively. </span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Conclusions</span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:black"><span style="language:en-US">In summary, negative pi-meson therapy has the potential to minimize radiation dose to healthy tissue while cancer still receives high-dose radiation. However, it is necessary to compare negative pi-meson therapy and other radiotherapy methods to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each method.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> Dose, glioblastoma multiforme, irradiation time, negative pi-meson therapy. 653 661 http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-1095&slc_lang=en&sid=1 A.P. Muhammad andhika.pinastika@mail.ugm.ac.id 7900319475328460024866 7900319475328460024866 Yes Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2 Grafika Street, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia A.W. Harto 7900319475328460024867 7900319475328460024867 No Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2 Grafika Street, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia Y. Sardjono 7900319475328460024868 7900319475328460024868 No Research Center for Accelerator Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency Indonesia, Indonesia G.S. Wijaya 7900319475328460024869 7900319475328460024869 No Research Center for Accelerator Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency Indonesia, Indonesia Z. Ismail 7900319475328460024870 7900319475328460024870 No Research Center for Accelerator Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency Indonesia, Indonesia I.M. Triatmok 7900319475328460024871 7900319475328460024871 No Y. Kasesaz 7900319475328460024872 7900319475328460024872 No 3Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran