eng
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
2009-09
7
2
63
68
article
Radioresponse of human lymphocytes pretreated with boron and gadolinium as assessed by the comet assay
J.K. Kim
jkkim@kaeri.re.kr
1
T.W. Park
2
A. Cebulska-Wasilewska
3
M. Nili
4
Background: Boron and gadolinium are among the nuclides that hold a unique property of being a neutron capture therapy agent. Neutron beams have often a considerable portion of gamma rays with fast neutrons. Gamma rays, as beam contaminants, can cause considerable damage to normal tissues even if such tissues do contain high boron concentrations. Materials and Methods: The modification of radioresponse in human lymphocytes pretreated with boron or gadolinium compound was studied by assessing the DNA damage using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), the comet assay. The lymphocytes from the human peripheral blood were irradiated with 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy of gamma rays from a 60Co isotopic source with or without pretreatment of boron or gadolinium compound for 10 minutes at 4oC. Post-irradiation procedures included slide preparation, cell-lysing, unwinding and electrophoresis, neutralization, staining, and analytic steps, gel electrophoresis. Results: The results indicate that pretreatment with boron compound (50 nM or 250 nM of 10B) is effective in reducing the radiosensitivity of the lymphocyte DNA. Conversely, pretreatment with gadolinium compound (50 nM) led to a dose-dependent increase in the radiosensitivity, most prominently with a dose of 4 Gy (P<0.001). Furthermore, when the lymphocytes were pretreated with a combined mixture (1:1) of boron (250 nM) and gadolinium (50 nM) compounds, the reduced radiosensitivity was also observed. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (2): 63-68
http://ijrr.com/article-1-538-en.pdf
Radiosensitivity
lymphocyte
DNA damage
boron
gadolinium
comet assay.
eng
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
2009-09
7
2
69
77
article
Modification of 10 cGy neutron or gamma-rays induced chromosomal damages by hyperthermia: an in vitro study
D. Fatehi
1
H. Mozdarani
mozdarah@modares.ac.ir
2
Background: To evaluate the effects of
hyperthermia (HT) on the frequency of chromosomal
aberrations induced by a low dose of neutron or
γ-rays in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Materials and Methods: Blood samples were exposed
to HT (41.5°C for 30 and 60min, 43°C for 15 and
30min), 10 cGy neutron or γ-rays, HT + neutron/γ,
and neutron/γ + HT. After standard cell culture,
harvesting, fixation and staining, the chromosomal
damages were scored in metaphase plates. Results:
HT alone at 41.5°C did not induce chromatid or
chromosome aberrations, however, the frequency of
damages was significantly higher at 43°C (P<0.05).
Furthermore, the chromosomal damages was
significantly different when cells were irradiated with
neutron or γ-rays alone (P<0.01). HT 1 hr post
neutron/γ irradiation significantly induced higher
chromosome damages in comparison to HT 1 hr
before irradiation (P<0.05). The chromosomal
damages were remarkably higher when cells
were irradiated with neutron then heated at 43°C for
30 min. Conclusion: Since increasing frequency of
chromosome damages increases probability of cell
death, application of HT after neutron irradiation
(instead of X– or γ- rays) might be considered as a
procedure for cells killing in radiotherapy. Iran. J.
Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (2): 69-77
http://ijrr.com/article-1-539-en.pdf
Hyperthermia
neutron
gamma rays
chromosomal aberration
cancer.
eng
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
2009-09
7
2
79
84
article
Seasonal variation of radon, thoron and their progeny levels in dwellings of Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh
K. Kant
kkant_67@rediffmail.com
1
Rashmi
2
R.G. Sonkawade
3
G.S. Sharma
4
R.P. Chauhan
5
S.K. Chakarvarti
6
Background: Radon and thoron are invisible, odorless, heavy and radioactive gases which are ubiquitously present in dwellings and in the environment. In the present work, seasonal variation of indoor radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations has been studied in the dwellings of industrially polluted cities in District Faridabad, Haryana and District Mathura in Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: LR -115, Type- II (Kodak Pathe, France), peelable, plastic track detectors commonly known as solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) were used to measure the radon thoron concentration over long integrated times. The measurements were carried out in the mixed field of radon and thoron and the detectors were exposed for about 90 days. Results: The average value of radon and thoron concentration in the dwellings varied from 23.5 Bq/m3 to 65.2 Bq/m3 and 9.8 Bq/m3 to 18.7 Bq/m3 respectively in different seasons. The average annual exposure and annual effective dose in living rooms due to radon and thoron progeny was estimated to be 0.195 WLM (working level month) and 0.74 mSv respectively. The average life time fatality risk of lung cancer from the chronic radon and thoron progeny exposure was estimated to be 5.8 ´ 10-3 (0.58%). Conclusion: The seasonal variations of measured radon levels in the environment of LPG bottling plant, radon-thoron levels and inhalation dose due to radon and thoron and their progeny in dwellings indicate that the levels were higher in winter (October to January) than in summer (April to July). Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (2): 79-84
http://ijrr.com/article-1-540-en.pdf
Indoor radon
thoron
progeny
exposure
etching
inhalation dose.
eng
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
2009-09
7
2
85
90
article
Activity concentration of radionuclides in plants in the environment of Western Ghats
P.K. Manigandan
pkmgs@yahoo.com
1
Background: A field study on the transfer of primordial radionuclides 238U, 232Th, 40K and fallout radionuclides 210Po in different plant species in tropical forest of western Ghats environment is presented. Material and Methods: The Top storey, Second storey, Shrubs and epiphytic plant species were chosen and concentration of these radionuclides in plant and soil were measured by employing gamma ray spectrometer and alpha counter. Results: The concentration ratio shows the variation in different species while a wild plant Elaeocarpus oblongus and epiphytic plants indicated preferential uptake of these radionuclides. Conclusion: The dust trapped in the root system of epiphytic plants could be used as bioindicator to monitor fallout radionuclides in the Western Ghats. The concentration of 232Th and 40K in leaves depends on the age of the leaves. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (2): 85-90
http://ijrr.com/article-1-541-en.pdf
Western Ghats
Primordial radionuclides
Concentration ratio
Elaeocarpus oblongus
bioindicator.
eng
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
2009-09
7
2
91
96
article
Synthesis and radioprotective study of novel amino-alkyldithiocarbamic acid derivatives against γ-irradiation in mice
S.J. Hosseinimehr
1
D. Beiki
beikidav@sina.tums.ac.ir
2
A. Kebriaeezadeh
3
A. Khalaj
4
M. Pirali Hamedani
5
Sh. Akhlaghpoor
6
H. Esmaeili
7
A.R. Barazesh
8
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective capacity of some novel aminoalkylated dithiocarbamic acid potassium salts against γ-irradiation in mice. Materials and Methods: Eight compounds containing 2-aminoethyl-, 3- aminopropyl-, 4-aminobutyl-, 5-aminopentyl-, 6- aminohexyl-, 7-aminoheptyl-, 8-aminooctyl and 9- aminononyl of dithiocarbamate derivatives were prepared. Male NMRI mice were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with a geometric progression of doses (300 -1000 mg/kg), through the dose response range for lethal toxicity. To evaluate the radioprotecive activity, one-half of the toxic LD50 of each compound were injected IP to groups of twenty mice, 30 minutes prior to γ-irradiation. The treated animals were kept for 30 days, and the lethality was recorded each day. Results: Among Eight compounds of alkyl dithiocarbamic acid derivatives, 5-aminopentyl, 7-aminoheptyl, 8-aminooctyl and 9-aminononyl dithiocarbamic acid mono potassium salts are new compounds. All evaluated compounds showed a concentrationdependent effect on the survival in mice. The LD50 values were found to be more than 599 mg/kg. The percentages of 30-day survival of mice for 2- aminoethyl, 7-aminoheptyl and 8-aminooctyl dithiocarbamic acid derivatives were 7%, 40% and 13.5%, respectively, when injected 30 minutes before γ- irradiation. Other compounds had no radioprotective effects. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the treated and control groups for the 7-aminoheptyl derivative (p<0.05). Conclusion: Among the compounds investigated in this study, 7- aminoheptyl dithiocarbamate derivative showed more radioprotective effects in comparison with the others. Although it seems that the radioprotective effects in these derivatives correlate with the size of the alkyl chain, more experiments are required to support this hypothesis. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (2): 91-96
http://ijrr.com/article-1-542-en.pdf
Radioprotective effect
aminoalkyl dithicarbamic acid
γ-irradiation.
eng
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
2009-09
7
2
97
104
article
Three different procedures in labeling of Ubiquicidin with technetium 99m: a comparative study
M. Gandomkar
msgandomkar@yahoo.com
1
R. Najafi
2
M. Mazidi
3
S.H. Mirfallah
4
M. Goudarzi
5
Background: UBI 29-41 (a derivative of antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin) labelled with 99mTc is reported to discriminate between bacterial infections and sterile inflammatory processes. In this study, three lyophilized kit were performed, one of them based on the direct labelling with only SnCl2 as reducing agent , and other two based on 6- hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC) and tricine as a coligands with or without ethylenediamine -N,N’-diacetic acid (EDDA). Materials and Methods: Synthesis of UBI 29-41 was performed on solid phase using a standard Fmoc strategy. BOC-HYNIC was conjugated with peptide in solution. Three lyophilized kits were prepared as follows: kit 1: 40 μg UBI 29-41, 5 μg SnCl2, pH = 9 kit 2: 40 μg UBI 29-41, 40 μg SnCl2, 20 mg tricine, pH = 5.2 kit 3: 40 μg UBI 29- 41, 40 μg SnCl2, 15 mg tricine, 5 mg EDDA, pH = 7. With addition of 99mTcO4- solution, kits were labeled under specific conditions, and the radiochemical purity was evaluated by ITLC and HPLC methods. Stability and protein binding in human serum followed by in vitro binding to bacteria were assessed. Biodistribution of radiopeptides in staphylococcus aureus infected rats muscles were studied using ex vivo counting and scintigraphy. Results: Radiochemical analysis indicated rapid and high labeling yield (>95%) for the three kits. Binding to bacteria for kit 2 was to some extent higher than that was obtained for the two other kits. Specific accumulation in infected thigh muscles, as indicated by T/NT ratios was 3.29, 4.6 and 3.77 for kit 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusion: The HYNIC-UBI 29-41 labeled in presence of tricine as coligands (kit 2) showed the most promising results for further in vivo evaluation. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (2): 97-104
http://ijrr.com/article-1-543-en.pdf
Infection
antimicrobial peptide
99mTc
direct labelling
indirect labelling.
eng
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
2009-09
7
2
105
111
article
Preparation and Biodistribution of [67Ga]-labeled- oxytocin for SPECT purposes
A.R. Jalilian
ajalilian@nrcam.org
1
M. Tajik
2
H. Zandi
3
J. Garousi
4
F. Bolourinovin
5
Background: Oxytocin (OT) is a paracrine hormone with various biological activities and many sex organs in both sexes, as well as many tumor cells have shown to have related receptors. In this study the development of a receptor imaging tracer for possible tumor imaging has been described. Materials and Methods: OT was successively labeled with [67Ga]-gallium chloride after conjugation with freshly prepared cyclic DTPA-dianhydride. The best results of the conjugation were obtained by the addition of 1 ml of a OT pharmaceutical solution (2 mg/ml, in phosphate buffer, pH=8) to a glass tube pre-coated with DTPA-dianhydride (0.02 mg) at 25°C with continuous mild stirring for 30 min. Radiochemical purity (RCP) of the labeled compound was determined, using RTLC and ITLC followed by stability tests and animal biodistribution studies. Results: Radiolabeling took about 60 minutes with a RCP higher than 98 % at optimized conditions (specific activity = 1000 Ci/mM, labeling efficiency 80%). The stability of the tracer at room temperature was significant, up to an hour. Preliminary in vivo studies in normal female rat model showed ovary/blood and ovary/muscle ratio uptake of the tracer in 60 minutes to be 4.53 and 9.18, respectively. The result was consistent with the reported OT receptor distribution in normal female mammals. Conclusion: The radiolabeled oxytocin, prepared in this study, was a possible fast acting tracer for OT receptor imaging studies however, more studies are required to determine the best imaging conditions especially in larger mammal animals. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (2): 105-111
http://ijrr.com/article-1-544-en.pdf
Radiogallium
oxytocin
radiolabeling
biodistribution
radiotracer
cyclotron.
eng
Dr. Hossein Mozdarani
International Journal of Radiation Research
2322-3243
2345-4229
2009-09
7
2
113
117
article
Acquiring molecular interference functions of X-ray coherent scattering for breast tissues by combination of simulation and experimental methods
A. Chaparian
chaparian@razi.tums.ac.ir
1
M.A. Oghabian
2
V. Changizi
3
Background: Recently, it has been indicated that
X-ray coherent scatter from biological tissues can be
used to access signature of tissue. Some scientists
are interested in studying this effect to get early
detection of breast cancer. Since experimental
methods for optimization are time consuming and
expensive, some scientists suggest using simulation.
Monte Carlo (MC) codes are the best option for
radiation simulation however, one permanent defect
with MC codes has been the lack of a sufficient
physical model for coherent (Rayleigh) scattering,
including molecular interference effects. Materials
and Methods: It was decided to obtain molecular
interference functions of coherent X-ray scattering for
normal breast tissues by combination of modeling
and experimental methods. A Monte Carlo simulation
program was written to simulate the angular distribution
of scattered photons for the normal breast tissue
samples. Moreover, experimental diffraction patterns
of these tissues were measured by means of energy
dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) method. The
simulation and experimental data were used to
obtain a tabulation of molecular interference
functions for breast tissues. Results: With this study a
tabulation of molecular interference functions for
normal breast tissues was prepared to facilitate the
simulation diffraction patterns of the tissues without
any experimental. Conclusion: The method may lead
to design new systems for early detection of breast
cancer. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (2): 113-117
http://ijrr.com/article-1-545-en.pdf
X-ray coherent scattering
simulation
molecular interference functions
breast tissues.