en
jalali
1390
9
1
gregorian
2011
12
1
9
3
online
1
fulltext
en
Evaluation of treatment planning system monitor unit calculations for three intensity modulated radiotherapy delivery techniques
Background: We have validated the monitor unit
calculations from a commercially available treatment
planning system (TPS) for three intensity modulated
radiotherapy (IMRT) planning techniques for
tangential breast irradiation by using ionization
chamber measurements. Materials and Methods:
Treatment plans were generated for forty-two breast
patients by a forward planned field in field technique,
electronic tissue compensation (ETC), and an inverse
planned sliding window technique. We also
performed a reproducibility of delivery and dose
linearity analysis for each technique. The treatments
were delivered to a phantom using a Varian CL21EX
linear accelerator. A 2571 0.6 cm3 Farmer type ionization
chamber and Farmer 2570/1 electrometer
from NE Technology was used to measure output of
the linear accelerator and the dose at predefined
point in the verification plan. Results: The agreement
between the measured and calculated dose was
-0.87% ± 0.54% for field in field technique, -0.74% ±
0.23% for electronic tissue compensators, and
-1.26% ± 0.48% for the inverse planning technique
and. In terms of reproducibility the mean deviation
was -1.10% ± 0.44% for the field in field technique,
-0.38% ± 0.42% for electronic tissue compensators,
-1.04% ± 0.42% for inverse planning technique. Dose
linearity experiments showed no significant variations
for clinical situations but a breakdown was observed
in relative dose for very low monitor units.
Conclusion: We have found that the monitor unit
calculations for all three planning techniques are
correct to the order of 1%, and that the plans can be
delivered in a reproducible and accurate manner.
Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2011 9(3): 145-150
IMRT QA, dose delivery system, dose calculation accuracy, electronic tissue compensators, reproducibility, dose linearity
145
150
http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-395&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2012/01/17
1390/10/27
M.N.
Anjum
muhammad.anjum@mail.mcgill.ca
0031947532846002382
0031947532846002382
Yes
W.
Parker
0031947532846002383
0031947532846002383
No
I.
Aldahlawi
0031947532846002384
0031947532846002384
No
R.
Ruo
0031947532846002385
0031947532846002385
No
M.
Afzal
0031947532846002386
0031947532846002386
No
en
Comparing the results of 3D treatment planning and practical dosimetry in craniospinal radiotherapy using Rando phantom
Background: Craniospinal radiotherapy faces
technical challenges which are due to the sensitivity
of the location in which the gross tumor is, and to
organs at risk around planning target volume. Using
modern treatment planning systems causes a
reduction in the complexities of the treatment
techniques. The most effective method to assess the
dosimetric accuracy and the validity of the software
used for treatment planning is to investigate the
radiotherapy and treatment planning by means of a
anthropomorphic Rando phantom which was used
here for treatment planning and practical dosimetry
for craniospinal radiotherapy. Studying the absorbed
dose by the organs at risk was the secondary
objective discussed in this paper. Materials and
Methods: Treatment planning in craniospinal
radiotherapy was done using CorePlan 3D treatment
planning software. Radiotherapy was administered on
a anthropomorphic Rando phantom and practical
dosimetry was done using GR-200 TLDs. Varian
Clinac 2100C/D was used for radiotherapy. Results:
The absorbed dose by regions of interest was
separately calculated for treatment planning and
radiotherapy. Except the conjunction areas of the
cranial and spinal radiation fields, the difference
among the results was not more than 5%. Full
comparison of the results for each part has been
presented. Conclusion: The comparison the results of
practical dosimetry and treatment planning software
supports the validity of CorePlan treatment planning
system. Also analysis of the absorbed dose through
organs at risk showed that the absorbed dose by
organs at risk have an acceptable value with respect
to tolerance dose of these organs. The only unacceptable
result was related to thyroid. Iran. J. Radiat. Res.,
2011 9(3): 151-158
Craniospinal radiotherapy, rando phantom, thermoluminescence dosimetry, treatment planning
151
158
http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-396&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2012/01/172012/01/17
1390/10/27
H.R.
Baghani
Hamidreza.baghani@gmail.com
0031947532846002387
0031947532846002387
Yes
S.M.R.
Aghamiri
0031947532846002388
0031947532846002388
No
H.
Gharaati
0031947532846002389
0031947532846002389
No
S.R.
Mahdavi
0031947532846002390
0031947532846002390
No
S.M.
Hosseini Daghigh
0031947532846002391
0031947532846002391
No
en
Evaluation of depth dose characteristics of superficial X-rays machine using different kVp and applicators diameter
Background: Radiotherapy Treatment Planning
requires different dosimetric quantities as input in
order to calculate a desired dose distribution. This
study has been focused to evaluate the depth dose
characteristics of superficial X-rays being used for
radiotherapy treatment. Materials and Methods:
Computerized 3-D water phantom of multi-data
system was used. The measurements were made
through PTW (Physikalirsch-Technische Werkstalten)
farmer type NT-30006 waterproof ionization chamber
of 0.6cc, and PTW electrometer for digital dose rate
reading in Gy/min using five different diameter
applicators and filters at five different values of accelerating
potentials (kVps). Results: The dose rate at
various kVp X-ray beams was observed to decrease
significantly with increasing depth in water phantom
for all applicator diameters from 98% (at 0.1cm
depth) down to 43% (at 2cm i.e. reference condition).
The dose rate increases by increasing the value of
kVp with a maximum at 150 kVp (1.6 and 0.93 Gy/
min for respective applicator diameters 2.5cm and
10cm). Applicator with 2.5cm diameter demonstrates
better dose rate at 85kVp at different depths. PDD
decreases lower than 50% for all combination of
applicators and kVps at/or above 2cm depth so these
measurements should not be considered for
treatment planning. Conclusion: Higher energy X-rays
are suggested to be used for applicators of higher
diameters and smaller energy X-rays for applicators
having smaller diameters. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2011
9(3): 159-166
Radiotherapy treatment, Pantak Therapax SXT-150, depth dose, applicators diameter, kVp, superficial X-ray machine
159
166
http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-397&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2012/01/172012/01/172012/01/17
1390/10/27
M.
Ismail
ismaeel_malik@yahoo.com
0031947532846002392
0031947532846002392
Yes
M.
Afzal
0031947532846002393
0031947532846002393
No
M.
Nadeem
0031947532846002394
0031947532846002394
No
A.M.
Rana
0031947532846002395
0031947532846002395
No
S.
Amjad
0031947532846002396
0031947532846002396
No
S.A.
Buzdar
0031947532846002397
0031947532846002397
No
en
G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity and background frequency of sister chromatid exchanges of peripheral blood lymphocytes of breast cancer patients
Background: Chromosomal alterations play an
important role in carcinogenesis. Enhanced
chromosomal radiosensitivity is shown for many
cancer predisposition conditions including breast
cancer. In this study chromosomal radiosensitivity
and the frequency of background sister chromnatid
exchanges (SCE) in lymphocytes of normal individuals
and breast cancer patients was compared. Materials
and Methods: G2 assay was performed on peripheral
blood lymphocytes obtained from 60 breast cancer
patients and 50 normal control. Blood culture was
initiated and cells were irradiated with 1 Gy gammarays
4 h prior to harvesting. After metaphase preparations
and slide making, chromatid aberrations were
scored. For SCE studies, blood samples from 30
breast cancer patients and 30 normal control were
studied. 24 hours after culture initiation, 5-
bromodeoxy uridine (BrdU) was added and cells were
harvested 48 hours after addition of BrdU. Slides
were stained in Hoechst 33258 and exposed to UVA
source, then stained in Giemsa. Results: Results
indicated that the frequency of radiation induced
chromatid breaks was significantly higher in breast
cancer patients compared to normal control
(p<0.01). From radiosensitivity point of view, 12% of
normal control and 47% of breast cancer patients
showed elevated chromatid radiosensitivity.
Frequency of background SCE was significantly higher
in lymphocytes of breast cancer patients compared to
lymphocytes of control (p<0.05). Conclusion:
Elevated chromosomal radiosensitivity and higher
frequency of SCE in lymphocytes of breast cancer
patients might be indicative of genomic instability of
these cells. Increased radiosensitivity could also be
due to defects in DNA repair genes involved in breast
cancer formation. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2011 9(3):
167-174
Radiosensitivity, chromatid breaks, SCE, breast cancer patients, lymphocytes
167
174
http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-398&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/17
1390/10/27
H.
Mozdarani
mozdarah@modares.ac.ir
0031947532846002398
0031947532846002398
Yes
A.H.
Ziaee Mashhadi
0031947532846002399
0031947532846002399
No
Z.
Alimohammadi
0031947532846002400
0031947532846002400
No
en
Indoor radon survey in Shiraz-Iran using developed passive measurement method
Background: While in the open air the amount of
radon gas is very small and does not pose a health
risk, in confined spaces, radon can accumulate to
relatively high levels and become a health hazard.
Exposure to high levels of radon has been associated
with an increased risk of lung cancer, depending on
the time length of exposure. Radon level in dwelling
of Shiraz with 1,200,000 populations has been
sampled and analyzed in this study. Our study could
be considered the largest radon study in Iran both
time and area wise. Materials and Methods: In this
study, radon (222Rn) concentration in residential
dwellings in Shiraz-Iran was sampled and measured
during two consecutive six month periods in 2009-
2010. We used Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors
(SSNTD), CR-39 polycarbonate films. The survey
parameters of radon concentrations were floor types,
construction materials and dwelling’s age. Results:
Annual average indoor radon concentration for the
survey period was 94±52 Bq/m3. The calculated
mean annual effective doses in basements and
different floors were less than the lowest limit
recommended action level of 3 mSv by ICRP.
Conclusion: High radon concentrations are measured
in basements and old dwellings however, due to
rapidly changing housing structures and ventilation
practices with no intervention, lower levels of radon
concentration has been expected in Shiraz. Iran. J.
Radiat. Res., 2011 9(3): 175-182
Indoor radon, CR-39, effective dose, electrochemical etching, radon atlas
175
182
http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-399&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/17
1390/10/27
K.
Hadad
0031947532846002401
0031947532846002401
No
M.R.
Hakimdavoud
0031947532846002402
0031947532846002402
No
M.
Hashemi-Tilehnoee
mehdi.hashemi.t@gmail.com
0031947532846002403
0031947532846002403
Yes
en
Estimation of external natural background gamma ray doses to the population of Caspian coastal provinces in North of Iran
Background: The effect of natural background
radiation on health is still controversial. However, it is
clear that it depends on the dose received by the
population. The estimation of external natural background
gamma rays received by the population of
Caspian coastal provinces in the northern part of Iran
was the main goal of this study. Materials and
Methods: Gamma rays was measured using
calibrated radiation survey meter in 51 urban and
rural health centers randomly to estimate the
exposure to population (Total population = 6888118
persons) in residential areas of Gilan, Mazandaran
and Golestan (Total area 59240 Km2) as Caspian
coastal provinces, North of Iran. Results: Results
showed that the average dose rate in the areas under
study was about 60.37±14.88 nSv/h or 0.53 mSv/yr
(Range 30 to 90 nSv/h or 0.26 to 0.79 mSv/yr). The
data from Ramsar was excluded from the estimation
because of its very high natural background radiation
(Max. 240 mSv/yr). No significant difference was
found among the doses of the provinces (P=0.237).
Conclusion: The external natural background gamma
ray dose to the population of Caspian coastal
provinces, North of Iran, was found to be almost
equal to the average value in the world (0.5 mSv/yr).
Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2011 9(3): 183-186
Background radiation, gamma rays, Caspian Sea, Iran
183
186
http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-400&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/17
1390/10/27
M.
Amiri
0031947532846002404
0031947532846002404
No
R.
Abdi
0031947532846002405
0031947532846002405
No
A.
Shabestani Monfared
monfared_ali@yahoo.com
0031947532846002406
0031947532846002406
Yes
en
Estimating radiation dose from building materials
Background: Natural radioactivity in materials
under certain conditions can reach the hazardous
radiological levels. So, it becomes necessary to study
the natural radioactivity in different materials to
assess the dose for the population in order to know
the health risks and to have a baseline for future
changes in the environmental radioactivity due to
human activities. Materials and Methods: The
present study deals with the measurement of
radioactivity using “γ-ray spectrometry” from naturally
occurring radionuclides in the soil, stone and sand
samples used as building materials in North-Eastern
Haryana state of India. The places are in the vicinity
of Shivalik range of Himalayas. Results: The activity
concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varied from
18±1.5 to 156±6Bqkg‑1, 23±1 to 300±5Bqkg‑1 and
32±0.5 to 1705±14 Bqkg‑1 respectively in various
samples. The absorbed dose rate in soil, sand and
stone samples is investigated at 1 m above ground
level. Ra equivalents, Internal and external hazard
indices have also been calculated. Conclusion: The
natural radioactivity levels measured in the samples
under present study are below the recommended
limits except for black stone (SB) and red stone (SR).
However, these samples satisfy the universal
standards. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2011 9(3): 187-194
Absorbed dose, natural radioactivity, γ-ray spectrometry, Radium, thorium, potassium
187
194
http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-401&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/17
1390/10/27
M.
Gupta
monika.kkr@gmail.com
0031947532846002407
0031947532846002407
Yes
R.P.
Chauhan
0031947532846002408
0031947532846002408
No
en
Effects of combined magnetic fields on human sperm parameters
Background: In previous investigations, it has
been clarified that electromagnetic fields (ELF) can
cause some changes in cellular behavior. The aim of
this prospective study was to investigate the effect of
magnetic field (MF) on human sperm parameters of
motility, morphology, and viability. Materials and
Methods: Semen samples were collected from 12
fertile men, and were allowed to liquefy for 15-30
min. Each sample was then divided into two aliquots.
The experimental samples were placed in the ELF,
while the control one was left intact. The applied
fields were pulsed with distance of 6 m/ sec and
effective intensity of 1mT and different frequencies of
10, 25 and 45 Hz at different time intervals. The
constant field intensity was 1mT in all experiments.
Results: In frequency of 10Hz, an increase in quick
motility of sperm (1.8 times) occurred after 4h
however, slow motility was decreased by 40% after
2h. Also, the quick motility increased by 1.6 times in
frequency 25 Hz after 4 h, while the MF had no effect
on other sperm parameters. MF had no effect on any
of sperm parameters in frequency of 40 Hz in 4 h.
The stimulation ratio on the sperm viability was only
significant at frequency of 10 Hz after 2 h after
incubation. The sperm morphology was not
influenced in any of the fields. Conclusion: This study
reports the existence of certain frequency windows
for the resonance of the effects of the MF on human
spermatozoa. Rapid motility was significantly affected
by the exposure of spermatozoa to MF, but sperm
structural parameter had remained intact. Iran. J.
Radiat. Res., 2011 9(3): 195-200
Combined electromagnetic fields, spermatozoa parameters, semen, human
195
200
http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-402&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/17
1390/10/27
S.A.
Falahati
0031947532846002409
0031947532846002409
No
M.
Anvari
0031947532846002410
0031947532846002410
No
M.A.
Khalili
Khalili59@hotmail.com
0031947532846002411
0031947532846002411
Yes
en
A 8-year survivor of unresectable intrapelvic desmoplastic small round cell tumor treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a rare
malignant tumor that occurs primarily in young males.
Here, a case of small round cell tumor in an adult
male successfully treated with a curative concurrent
chemoradiotherapy is presented. A 58-year-old man
had an intrapelvic tumor. Surgical resection was
attempted, but the tumor was unresectable. Needle
biopsy was performed and the diagnosis was
suggested to be desmoplastic small round cell tumor.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was performed, and a
complete response was obtained. This patient has
been alive for 8 years after treatment with no
evidence of disease. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy
appears to be a useful treatment choice for
unresectable desmoplastic small round cell tumor.
Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2011 9(3): 201-205
desmoplastic small round cell tumor, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, retroperitoneum
201
205
http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-403&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/17
1390/10/27
J.I.
Saitoh
junsaito@gunma-u.ac.jp
0031947532846002412
0031947532846002412
Yes
H.
Ishikawa
0031947532846002413
0031947532846002413
No
T.
Ebara
0031947532846002414
0031947532846002414
No
H.
Katoh
0031947532846002415
0031947532846002415
No
T.
Ohno
0031947532846002416
0031947532846002416
No
T.
Takahashi
0031947532846002417
0031947532846002417
No
T.
Akimoto
0031947532846002418
0031947532846002418
No
T.
Nakajima
0031947532846002419
0031947532846002419
No
T.
Nakano
0031947532846002420
0031947532846002420
No
en
Flooding in Thailand and the problem of radioactive elements leakage
Sir, the big flooding in Thailand in 2011 is one of the problematic flooding in Asia. It
causes several destroying to many things in the disaster areas. An important concern is on
the effect on the setting with the radioactive elements usage. In Thailand, there are some
places with radioactive elements including to the university, hospital as well as radioactive
research center. Luckily, during the disaster period, there is no report on radioactive
elements leakage. The interesting focus is on the way that each setting protect itself from
flooding. In many places with small usage of radioactive elements, the replacing of the
radioactive substances and machines is done. The cases of hospital is very interesting, some
hospitals with radiotherapy unit were flooded but they previously replace the radioactive
elements and machine to the safe place. The more problematic place as the radiation
research center had to make more serious preventive means. The use of heavy big and high
giant barrier to protect the building was used and the good first structural plan of the
building helped a lot in prevention of the problem. However, there is the problem of
transportation of the radioactive element for using in medical purposes. This caused the
delay for treatment of many cancerous patients. Indeed, the flooding might be the cause of
uncontrolled distribution of radioactive elements and can be serious public health problem (1,
2). Although there is no problem in this disaster, it is suggested that any site should have
their own preventive protocol to correspond to the possible flooding and other disaster.
207
0
http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-404&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/172012/01/17
1390/10/27
B.
Joob
beuyjoob@hotmail.com
0031947532846002421
0031947532846002421
Yes
V.
Wiwanitkit
0031947532846002422
0031947532846002422
No