ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Concentration of radon, thoron and their progeny levels in different types of floorings, walls, rooms and building materials
Background: Radon, thoron and their progenies
are the most important contributions to human
exposure from natural sources. Radon exists in soil
gas, building materials, Indoor atmosphere etc.
Among all the natural sources of radiation dose to
human beings, inhalation of radon contributes a lot.
The work presented here emphasizes the long term
measurements of radon, thoron and their progeny
concentrations in about 100 dwellings using solid
state nuclear track detectors. Materials and Methods:
Measurements were made using dosimeters and the
concentrations were estimated by knowing the track
density of films through spark counter, and sensitivity
factor for bare, filter and membrane films. Results:
Presence of radon and thoron in houses is the effect
of several aspects such as the activity concentrations
of uranium, radium and thorium in the local soil,
building materials, ventilation of houses and also
entry of radon into houses through the cracks in
floor/wall. Conclusion: The observations reveal that
the concentrations of radon and/or thoron are
relatively higher in granite than in concrete, cement
and bricks. In continuation to this the concentration
observed in bathrooms is more compared to kitchen,
bedroom and living rooms. This study discloses that
the residential rooms of good ventilation will avoid
the health hazards due to radon and its rich
materials. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (1): 19
http://ijrr.com/article-1-523-en.pdf
2009-06-15
1
9
SSNTDs
radon
thoron
dosimeter
building materials.
L.A.
Sathish
lasgayit@yahoo.com
1
AUTHOR
K.
Nagaraja
2
AUTHOR
H.C.
Ramanna
3
AUTHOR
V.
Nagesh
4
AUTHOR
S.
Sundareshan
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Rheological properties of blood after whole body gamma-irradiation
Background: The study of rheological properties
of blood has special interest since it is a circulating
fluid exposed to shear rates during its life time. This
work aims to investigate the influence of whole body
gamma irradiation on the rheological properties of
rat’s blood. The applied shear rate was from 12 to
375 s-1. Low shear viscosity (up to 100 s-1) depends
mainly on the erythrocytes aggregation while the high
shear viscosity depends on the erythrocytes deformability.
Materials and Methods: Adult male rats were
exposed to 1, 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7 and 9 Gy single doses.
The consistency index, apparent viscosity, yield stress
and aggregation index were increased after exposure
to gamma radiation. The dielectric properties of the
erythrocytes, in the low frequency range (60 Hz to 40
kHz), were measured in order to investigate the
changes in the membrane surface charge. Results:
The results obtained indicate that the viscosity,
consistency index and yield stress increased after the
exposure to the lowest dose taken 1 Gy, and
continued to increase as the exposure dose
increased up to dose 7 Gy and then decrease after
exposure to 9 Gy. The relative permittivity and
relaxation time showed significant decrease after
exposure to the lowest dose and continue to
decrease as the dose increased. Conclusion: The
obtained results can be attributed to the decrease of
membrane surface charge after exposure to gamma
radiation. The decrease in the membrane surface
charge is known to decrease the repulsion between
the cells and increase blood viscosity. Iran. J. Radiat.
Res., 2009 7 (1): 1117
http://ijrr.com/article-1-524-en.pdf
2009-06-15
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17
Rheological properties
erythrocytes
gamma Radiation
aggregation.
N.S.
Selim
1
AUTHOR
O.S.
Desouky
omardesouky@yahoo.com
2
AUTHOR
S.M.
El-Marakby
3
AUTHOR
I.H.
Ibrahim
4
AUTHOR
H.A.
Ashry
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The role of Rad51 protein in radioresistance of spheroid model of DU145 prostate carcinoma cell line
Background: Rad51 is a protein with critical role
in double strand break repair. Down-regulation of this
protein has a significant effect in radiosensitivity of
some cell lines like prostate carcinoma. Compared to
monolayer cell culture model, the spheroids are more
resistant to radiation. The aim of the current study
was to determine the Rad51 protein level in DU145
spheroids, and monolayer cells before and after
exposure to gamma irradiation. Materials and
Methods: In the present study, western blot was used
to determine the level of Rad51 protein in DU145 cell
line grown as monolayer and spheroid. Results:
Western blot analysis showed that in the spheroid
cells, Rad51 had an elevated level before and after
radiation in comparison with monolayer cells. Higher
doses of radiation induced elevated expression of
Rad51 protein in both culture models. The level of at
protein after exposure to gamma rays had been timedependent.
Conclusion: Rad51 might act as a
mediator of radiation resistance in tumor cells.
Repression of Rad51 activity could be a prominent
strategy to overcome radiation resistance of tumors.
Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (1): 19-25
http://ijrr.com/article-1-525-en.pdf
2009-06-15
19
25
Multicellular spheroid
radioresistance
DU145 prostate carcinoma cell line
rad51.
M.
Taghizadeh
1
AUTHOR
S.
Khoei
2
AUTHOR
A.R.
Nikoofar
3
AUTHOR
L.
Ghamsari
4
AUTHOR
B.
Goliaei
goliaei@ibb.ut.ac.ir
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of low dose gamma-radiation upon Newcastle disease virus antibody level in chicken
Background: The specific antibody response
against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the blood
serum of chickens hatched from eggs exposed to low
dose gamma-radiation was studied. Materials and
methods: Two groups of eggs of commercial meat
chicken lines were irradiated with the dose of 0.30 Gy
60Co gamma-rays before incubation and on the 19th
day of incubation, respectively. The same number of
eggs unexposed to gamma-radiation served as
controls. After hatching the group of chicken hatched
from eggs irradiated on the 19th day of incubation
was not vaccinated while the group of chicken
hatched from eggs irradiated before incubation was
vaccinated on the 14 day. Specific serum anti-NDV
antibodies were quantified by the hemagglutination
inhibition assay with 4 HA units of NDV La Sota strain.
Result: Specific antibody titres against NDV in the
blood serum of chickens hatched from eggs
irradiated before incubation and vaccinated on the
14th day significantly increased on the 28th day.
Specific antibody titre against NDV in the blood
serum of chickens hatched from eggs irradiated on
the 19th day of incubation and non-vaccinated was
significantly higher on the 1st and 14th day.
Conclusion: Acute irradiation of heavy breeding
chicken eggs with the dose of 0.30 Gy 60Co gammarays
before incubation and on the 19th day of
incubation could have a stimulative effect on humoral
immunity in chickens. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (1):
27-31
http://ijrr.com/article-1-526-en.pdf
2009-06-15
27
31
Gamma-radiation
low dose effects
broiler
Newcastle disease virus
antibody.
M.
Vilić
1
AUTHOR
Ž.
Gottstein
2
AUTHOR
I.
Ciglar Grozdanić
3
AUTHOR
K.
Matanović
4
AUTHOR
S.
Miljanić
5
AUTHOR
H.
Mazija
6
AUTHOR
P.
Kraljević
7
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Micro-pixe analysis in invasive ductal carcinoma tissues after treatment of astaxanthin
Background: Trace elements play an important
role in a number of biological processes. Astaxanthin
(ASX), a carotoid pigment found in certain marine
plant and animals, has shown anti cancer and anti
free radical properties. This work intended to
understand the effect of Astaxanthin in breast cancer
(invasive ductal carcinoma, IDC) by using micro-pixe
method. For this aim the concentration of trace
elements were compared in healthy, cancerous and
cancer treated with astaxanthin in the breast and
liver tissues of breast cancer bearing mice, using
proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Materials and
Methods: Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) was
used in a study intending to compare the
concentration of trace elements in breast and liver
tissues of mice bearing tumor, three groups of mice:
healthy, cancerous, and cancerous treated by
astaxanthin, were considered. Astaxanthin was
supplied from Research Institute of women, Alzahra
University. Results: Comparing the untreated tumor
tissue, treatment with Astaxanthin significantly
decreased the amount Fe, P, S, and Ca elements
level in tumor tissue of the breast cancer. It is also
found that the concentrations of those elements in
liver of the untreated mice and the liver of treated
mice with astaxanthin were fairly equal. Astaxanthin
significantly decrease the accumulation of elements
in the site of tumor, and caused the breast cancer
cell membrane to lose their desire to collect the
elements from healthy tissues. Conclusion: The micro
-pixe technique could calculate elemental
concentrations in tissues. Changes in metallic
elements may affect microenvironment and cell
functions, which might led lead to cell degeneration
or death, the results shows that astaxanthin reduces
vital element concentration in tumor site, thus it
could be used as an anti tumor agent. Iran. J. Radiat.
Res., 2009 7 (1): 33-39
http://ijrr.com/article-1-527-en.pdf
2009-06-15
33
39
Breast cancerous tissues
proton-induced X-ray emission
astaxanthin
trace elements.
S.
Safaverdi
1
AUTHOR
F.
Roshani
2
AUTHOR
M.
Lamehi Rashti
3
AUTHOR
Sh.
Golkhoo
4
AUTHOR
Z.M.
Hassan
hassan_zm@modares.ac.ir
5
AUTHOR
L.
Langroudi
6
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Gonad, bone marrow and effective dose to the population of more than 90 towns and cities of Iran, arising from environmental gamma radiation
Background: Since 1996 the assessment of
environmental gamma radiation dose in residential
areas of Iranian towns and cities has been
accomplished for 10 counties. As a practical method
and based on the results of a pilot study, in order to
attribute the final results to the whole residential area
of a town five stations were selected for every town.
The location of individual station was studied closely
to comply with recommended conditions in the
literature. Materials and Methods: RDS-110 was
employed to measure gamma dose rate for one hour.
Average annual dose rates plus conversion
coefficients were employed to estimate gonad, bone
marrow, equivalent and effective dose. Result:
Minimum and maximum annual bone marrow and
gonad dose equivalent attributed to environmental
gamma are 0.24 mSvy-1 (for both tissues) and 1.44
and 1.46 mSvy-1, respectively. Conclusion: Average
gonad and bone marrow doses for North Khorasan,
Boshehr and Hormozgan provinces were less than
the corresponding values for normal area. Iran. J.
Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (1): 41-47
http://ijrr.com/article-1-528-en.pdf
2009-06-15
41
47
Gonad
bone marrow
effective dose
environmental
gamma radiation.
M.T.
Bahreyni Toossi
bahreynimt@mums.ac.ir
1
AUTHOR
Sh.
Bayani
2
AUTHOR
M.
Yarahmadi
3
AUTHOR
A.
Aghamir
4
AUTHOR
A.
Jomehzadeh
5
AUTHOR
M.
Hagh Parast
6
AUTHOR
A.
Tamjidi
7
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Verifying the accuracy of dose distribution in Gamma Knife unit in presence of inhomogeneities using PAGAT polymer gel dosimeter and MC simulation
Background: Polymer gel dosimetry is still the
only dosimetry method for direct measuring of threedimensional
dose distributions. MRI Polymer gel
dosimeters are tissue equivalent and can act as a
phantom material. In this study the obtained isodose
maps with PAGAT polymer gel dosimeter were
compared to those calculated with EGSnrs for singleshot
irradiations of 8 and 18 mm collimators of
Gamma Knife (GK) unit in homogeneous and inhomogeneous
phantoms. Materials and Methods: A
custom-built, 16 cm diameter spherical Plexiglas
head phantom was. Inside the phantom, there was
one cubic cutout for insertion of gel phantoms, and
another cutout for inserting the inhomogeneities. The
phantoms were scanned with a Siemens clinical 1.5 T
MRI scanner. The multiple spin-echo sequence with
32 echoes was used for the MRI scans. Results: The
results of measurement and simulation in homogeneous
and inhomogeneous phantoms showed that the
presence of inhomogeneities in head phantom could
cause spatial uncertainty higher than ±2 mm and
dose uncertainty higher than 7%. Conclusion: the
presence of inhomogeneities could cause dose
differences which were not in accordance with
accuracy in treatment with GK radiosurgery. Moreover,
the findings of Monte Carlo calculation revealed
that the applied simulation code (EGSnrc) was a
proper tool for evaluation of 3D dose distribution in
GK unit. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009 7 (1): 49-56
http://ijrr.com/article-1-529-en.pdf
2009-06-15
49
56
Gamma knife
PAGAT gel dosimeter
EGSnrc
dose distribution.
T.
Allahverdi Pourfallah
tallahvardi@razi.tums.ac.ir
1
AUTHOR
M.
Allahverdi
2
AUTHOR
N.
Riyahi Alam
3
AUTHOR
M.R.
Ay
4
AUTHOR
M.H.
Zahmatkesh
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Does whole body exposure to GSM-950 MHz electromagnetic fields affect acquisition and consolidation of spatial information in rats?
Background: This study was planned to examine
the effects of whole-body exposure to GSM-950 MHz
electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on acquisition and
consolidation of spatial memory in rats using a water
maze task. Materials and Methods: In experiment 1,
the animals were given two blocks of five trials per
day for three consecutive days in a water maze task.
The interval between blocks was 4h. Before each
training session, the animals were exposed to 950
MHz EMFs for 45 min with lower- (0.835 mW/cm2) or
higher-power (1.166 mW/cm2) densities. In
experiment 2, the animals were given two blocks of 5
trials with a 3 min interval between blocks.
Immediately after the last trial, they were exposed to
EMFs for 45 min with lower- or higher-power
densities. In both experiments, 48 h after the last
training day a 60 s probe test was done. Results:
Results from experiment1 (pre-training exposure to
EMFs) indicated no significant differences in performances
of exposed and non-exposed groups either
during acquisition (learning) or during probe test
(memory retention). Results from experiment 2 (posttraining
exposure to EMFs) also indicated no
significant differences among groups during
acquisition or probe test. Conclusion: In these
experiments, no effect of exposure to 950 MHz on
acquisition or consolidation of spatial navigation of
rats in a water maze was detected. Iran. J. Radiat.
Res., 2009 7 (1): 57-62
http://ijrr.com/article-1-530-en.pdf
2009-06-15
57
62
EMFs
950 MHz wave
whole body exposure
spatial memory
morris water maze.
M.
Jadidi
1
AUTHOR
S.M.
Firoozabadi
2
AUTHOR
A.
Rashidy-Pour
Rashidy-Pour@sem-ums.ac.ir
3
AUTHOR
B.
Bolouri
4
AUTHOR
Y.
Fathollahi
5
AUTHOR
A.A.
Sajadi
6
AUTHOR