2024-03-28T14:37:58+03:30
http://ijrr.com/browse.php?mag_id=21&slc_lang=en&sid=1
21-372
2024-03-28
10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research
Int J Radiat Res
2322-3243
2345-4229
10.61186/ijrr
2008
6
1
Indoor radon entry: 30 years later
L.
Minkin
lminkin@pcc.edu
A.S.
Shapovalov
The paper discusses the results of 30 years of
radon indoor entry research. While some progress has
been made, many discrepancies between current
theories and experimental data still remain.
Misconceptions of radon transport mechanisms in
homes are analyzed. The role of US Environmental
Protection Agency in radon indoor entry research is
examined and the agency's policies are criticized. The
need to include thermotranspiration gas transport in
the general model of radon indoor entry is
substantiated. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2008 6 (1): 1-6
Radiation
radon
permeability
concrete
soil.
2008
6
01
1
6
http://ijrr.com/article-1-372-en.pdf
21-373
2024-03-28
10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research
Int J Radiat Res
2322-3243
2345-4229
10.61186/ijrr
2008
6
1
Migration of radionuclide in soil and plants in the Western Ghats environment
P.K.
Manigandan
pkmgs@yahoo.com
N.M.
Manikandan
Background: A study on the migration
characteristics of 238U, 210Po, 232Th and 40K within the
soil to the wild plants in the Western Ghats were
carried out. Materials and Methods: Concentrations
of these radionuclides were measured in different
depths of soil and from different species by employing
gamma ray spectrometer and alpha counter. Results:
The activity concentration of these radionuclides
varied faintly within the soil but widely varied within
the plant and between the species. Conclusion: The
CR (Concentration ratio) showed wide variation in
different species, while a few species of wild plants
such as Evodia roxburghiana, Eleaocarpus oblangus
and Glochidion neilgherense indicated preferential
uptake of these radionuclides. Iran. J. Radiat. Res.,
2008 6 (1): 7-12
Western Ghats
primordial radionuclides
monazite
depth profile
concentration ratio.
2008
6
01
7
12
http://ijrr.com/article-1-373-en.pdf
21-374
2024-03-28
10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research
Int J Radiat Res
2322-3243
2345-4229
10.61186/ijrr
2008
6
1
Staff exposure rate in Mahallat hot spring region
M.B.
Tavakoli
mbtavakoli@mui.ac.ir
G.H
Fallah Mohammadi
Z.
Fallah Mohammadi
Z.
Shaneh
Background: High level radiation areas have been
recognized on various parts of the earth. Mahallat hot
spring region is one of these areas. Study of exposure
in these areas can be helpful in investigating the
effects of ionizing radiation. Internal and external
exposure to the staff was studied. Materials and
Methods: Used materials and instruments include:
RSS-112 ionizing chamber for environmental gamma
rays measurement, pure germanium detector for
measuring radioactive elements in the ground, liquid
scintillation counter for measuring 222Rn gas
concentration in water samples, Bubbler chamber and
Locus cells for 226Ra concentration measurements as
emanation method and Alfa guard detector for 222Rn
concentration measurements. Results: Considering
stay period of the studied groups in indoor and
outdoor environment, calculated annual external
effective dose for staff has been 514.8 ± 22.7 μSv.
Annual internal effective doses for staff in outdoor and
indoor environment has been 21.1 mSv. Annual
internal effective dose for staff due to drinking water
has been 32 μSv. Conclusion: Measurements
showed that more than 90% of the received dose in
the studied groups was due to inhalation of Radon
gas. External and internal effective dose for the staff
was 21.6 mSv. Considering these results Mahallat hot
spring region is a high level natural radiation area
(HLNRA). Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2008 6 (1): 13-18
Effective dose
background dose
Radon
high level natural radiation area.
2008
6
01
13
18
http://ijrr.com/article-1-374-en.pdf
21-375
2024-03-28
10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research
Int J Radiat Res
2322-3243
2345-4229
10.61186/ijrr
2008
6
1
A comparative study of radioprotection by four Indian medicinal herbs against genotoxicity induced by sub-lethal gamma irradiation in Swiss albino mice
M.R.
Adhvaryu
meghna.adhvaryu@gmail.com
S.P.
Srivastav
S.N.
Vaniawala
M.N.
Reddy
Background: Synthetic radio-protective agents like
aminothiols are toxic and FDA approved agent
amifostine is no exception. Some Ayurvedic herbs have
shown radioprotective potential. This study was carried
out to test and compare the radioprotective potential
of Curcuma longa (CL) Tinospora cordifolia (TC),
Zizyphus mauritiana (ZM) and Ocimum sanctum (OS)
against 2Gy gamma irradiation in Swiss albino mice.
Materials and Methods: Adult Swiss albino mice
from random breed colony were divided in to 6 groups
(n=9), sham-control (SCT), radiation control (RACT),
and four herb + radiation groups respectively. All
except SCT were exposed to whole body 2 Gy of
gamma radiation in a teletherapy unit and SCT was
sham exposed on day 7 of herb pretreatment
(200mg/kg-bw orally by gavage). Chromosomal
studies from the bone marrow of femur by routine
metaphase preparation after colchicine treatment
were done in 3 animals from each group at 24, 72 and
168 hours after exposure. Results: All four herbs
showed significant radio-protective effects at 24 hrs.
OS, TC and ZM showed nearly similar activity while CL
showing the lowest activity. However the effects at 72
and 168 hrs showed highest protection by CL followed
by ZM |“| TC > OS respectively suggesting that the well
studied OS was less effective at 72 and 168 hrs.
Conclusion: All the four herbs showed radioprotective
potential with different efficacies at
different time interval. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2008 6 (1): 19-
30
Radioprotection
chromosomal-damage
curcuma longa
ocimum sanctum
tinospora cordifolia
zizyphus mauritiana.
2008
6
01
19
30
http://ijrr.com/article-1-375-en.pdf
21-376
2024-03-28
10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research
Int J Radiat Res
2322-3243
2345-4229
10.61186/ijrr
2008
6
1
Verification of dose rate and energy dependence of MAGICA polymer gel dosimeter with electron beams
K.
Adinehvand
M.H.
Zahmatkesh
M.R
Aghamiri
Sh.
Akhlaghpour
S.
Bagheri
Background: The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the dependency of MAGICA polymer gel
dosimeter response (R2) on different electron
energies as well as on different mean dose rate for a
standard clinically used linear accelerator. Materials
and Methods: The sensitivity of the dosimeter was
represented by the slope of calibration curve in the
linear region measured for each modality. A calibration
curve (in the linear region) based on 12 dosimeters
(11 irradiated and one blank) was obtained for 6 MeV
electron beam. Dosimeter energy dependence was
studied for electron energies of 4,6,12 and 18 MeV.
Dose rate dependence was studied in 10 MeV electron
beam with the use of dose rates 80,160,240,320,400
and 480 cGymin-1. Evaluations of dosimeters were
performed on Siemens Symphony, Germany, 1.5T
Scanner in the head coil. A multiecho sequence with
32 equidistant echoes was used for the evaluation of
irradiated polymer gel dosimeters. The parameters of
the sequence were as follows: TR 3000ms, TE 20ms,
Slice Thickness 4mm and FOV 256mm. Results:
Polymer gel dosimeter response R2 was increased
with increasing electron energy. No trend in polymergel
dosimeter R2 dependence was found on mean
dose rate for electron beams. Conclusion: In MAGICA
polymer gel, the sensitivity is dependant on electron
energy increase, but no dependence was observed on
response to dose rate. The presence of antioxidant
and oxygen scavengers in the MAGICA polymer gel is
believed to cause different results. Iran. J. Radiat. Res.,
2008 6 (1): 31-36
Polymer gels
MAGICA gel
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
agarose.
2008
6
01
31
36
http://ijrr.com/article-1-376-en.pdf
21-377
2024-03-28
10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research
Int J Radiat Res
2322-3243
2345-4229
10.61186/ijrr
2008
6
1
Monte Carlo and experimental relative dose determination for an Iridium-192 source in water phantom
A.A.
Mowlavi
F.
Cupardo
M.
Severgnini
Background: Monte Carlo and experimental
relative dose determination in a water phantom, due
to a high dose rate (HDR) 192Ir source is presented for
real energy spectrum and monochromatic at 356 keV.
Materials and Methods: The dose distribution has
been calculated around the 192Ir located in the center
of 30 cm ×30 cm ×30 cm water phantom using
MCNP4C code by Monte Carlo method. Relative dose
variation has been measured by using Gafchromic
Rtqa along X and Y axis, as well. Percentage depth
dose (PDD) variation along the different axis parallel
and perpendicular the source were calculated. Finally,
F (5cm, θ|) dosimetry parameters of TG-43 protocol
were determined. Results: The results showed that
the Monte Carlo method could calculate dose
deposition in high gradient region, near the source,
accurately. The isodose curves and dosimetric
characteristics obtained for 192Ir source are in good
agreement with experimental results. Conclusion:
The isodose curves of the 192Ir source were derived form
dose calculation by MCNP code. Also, Monte Carlo and
experimental PDD X=2.5 mm are in good agreement,
and the both results y=10 mm, in ||x [-25mm,25mm]
interval were well matched. However, out of this range
Monte Carlo result was estimated to be lower. The
calculated dosimetry parameters for the source were in
agreement with other results. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2008 6
(1): 37-42
Brachytherapy
dose distribution
Monte Carlo method
MCNP code
anisotropy function
Gafchromic Rtqa film.
2008
6
01
37
42
http://ijrr.com/article-1-377-en.pdf
21-378
2024-03-28
10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research
Int J Radiat Res
2322-3243
2345-4229
10.61186/ijrr
2008
6
1
Diode calibration for dose determination in total body irradiation
M.
Allahverdi
alahverdi@sina.tums.ac.ir
Gh.
Geraily
M.
Esfehani
A.
Sharafi
A.
Shirazi
Background: Total Body Irradiation (TBI) is
different from standard radiotherapy in many aspects,
so it is not easy to predict the delivered dose to the
patient under TBI treatment. Diode dosimetry
procedures for surface dose reading can help to
define variations of the actually delivered dose from
the prescribed one. The aim of this study was to
describe the measurements made to calibrate diodes
in order to implement as a dosimeter for TBI tratment.
An algorithm was also proposed based on diode
dosimetry in order to determine the midplane dose.
Materials and Methods: In this study, four p-type
diodes connected to a MULTIDOSE electrometer were
implemented as dosimeter. For diode calibration a
water phantom with dimension of 30×30×32cm3
along with a 0.6 cc Farmer ion chamber were used.
Directional dependence of diodes, the effects of
thickness correction factor and complete backscatter
factor were studied. Three algorithms, arithmetic,
geometric mean and proposed algorithm were used to
investigate midplane dose determination in TBI
condition. Results: It was found by measurements
that the effect of angle incident on diode response
was significant and should have been taken into
account. Variation in thickness correction factor was
found about 0.7%. The accuracy in midplane dose
determination in the arithmetic, geometric mean and
proposed algorithm was about 3.8, 12.5 and 3.3%,
respectively. Conclusion: Diode dosimetry is very
useful as a check of midplane dose delivered to
patients under TBI treatment. When the calibration
and correction factors are carefully determined, high
precision can be obtained. The proposed algorithm by
this study seems to be useful in order to midplane
dose determination in TBI condition. Iran. J. Radiat.
Res., 2008 6 (1): 43-50
Diode calibration
total body irradiation.
2008
6
01
43
50
http://ijrr.com/article-1-378-en.pdf
21-379
2024-03-28
10.1002
International Journal of Radiation Research
Int J Radiat Res
2322-3243
2345-4229
10.61186/ijrr
2008
6
1
Preparation of prostate specific antigen standards for immunoradiometric assay
H.
Foroutan
halehforoutan@yahoo.com
R.
Najafi
M.H.
Babaei
M.
Shafii
Background: Immunoradiometric assay is one of
the most common and precise methods for
determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in
clinical laboratories. Usual use of human serum in
routine assays has many disadvantages such as easy
contamination and precipitation, instability and
unavailability. Thus in order to avoid these problems
the artificial matrix was used which acts similar to
human serum. Materials and Methods: In order to
design immunoradiometric assay for prostate specific
antigen, series of standards in different concentrations
were needed for special artificial matrix preparation.
The influence of artificial matrix in standards was
studied to determine prostate specific antigen in
comparison with human serum. Some different
factors, such as the amount of non-specific bonding
(NSB), precision, and accuracy, conditions of storage
and stability of these standards prepared by artificial
matrix were investigated. Results: The most
appropriate artificial matrix (Tris-glycine (25.0 mmol/L)
+ NaCl (75.0 mmol/L) + Tris (12.5 mmol/L) +Triton X-
100 (0.5 ml/L) + HSA (1.2 g/L) + Urea (0.5 mol/L)) for
preparing the standards was selected in comparison
with human serum (HSA) and a commercial kit
standards. HSA and Urea concentration have more
critical influences on the properties of the standards.
The amount of NSB of the selected matrix was the
lowest one, so the selected matrix was the most
suitable for preparing the standards. The results show
the optimum condition of storage duration of our
standards for one year was in refrigerator (2-8°C). It
was observed that preparation of standards with
selected matrix had acceptable accuracy and
precision. Conclusion: According to the results,
standards which were prepared with this matrix had
suitable and appropriate properties and it could be
utilized to prepare PSA standards in
immunoradiometric assay. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2008 6 (1):
51-58
Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
immunoradiometric assay (IRMA)
immunoradiometric kit
artificial matrix
human serum.
2008
6
01
51
58
http://ijrr.com/article-1-379-en.pdf