[Home ] [Archive]    
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
IJRR Information::
For Authors::
For Reviewers::
Subscription::
News & Events::
Web Mail::
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
ISSN
Hard Copy 2322-3243
Online 2345-4229
..
Online Submission
Now you can send your articles to IJRR office using the article submission system.
..

AWT IMAGE

AWT IMAGE

:: Volume 21, Issue 3 (6-2023) ::
Int J Radiat Res 2023, 21(3): 597-600 Back to browse issues page
Measurement of radioactivity levels of liquid milk samples in Kütahya, Turkey
M. Biçer , H. Çetinkaya
Department of Physics, Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kütahya, Turkey , mustafa.bicer@dpu.edu.tr
Abstract:   (1063 Views)
Background: Milk is a fundamental part of the human daily diet, so radioactivity concentrations in milk must have been controlled regularly. In this study, radiation activities were measured in 12 ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk samples collected in Kütahya, Turkey, in August 2021. Materials and Methods: Radium (Ra-226), thorium (Th-232) and potassium (K-40) values were determined by using the Canberra 3x3 NaI(Tl) gamma spectroscopy method in 8 samples, and Radon (Rn-222) activity measurements have been conducted in 12 samples using the E-perm method. Results: Radium (Ra-226), thorium (Th-232) and potassium (K-40) levels are measured as < MDA (2.28 Bq/kg), < MDA (2.53 Bq/kg), 40.43 ± 2.25 to 53.31 ± 2.30 Bq/kg, respectively. Radon (Rn-222) concentrations were determined by the E-perm system between 0.46 ± 0.02 and 2.01 ± 0.05 Bq/l with an average of 1.11 ±  0.03 Bq/l. Conclusions: Annual ingested radiation doses were calculated using radioactivity levels for different age groups as a result of milk consumption. Ingestion dose levels are below the worldwide average values given in the UNSCEAR report. It has been observed that the results are below the safety limits.
Keywords: Annual effective dose, milk, radon, gamma spectrometry, natural radioactivity.
Full-Text [PDF 510 kb]   (807 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Short Report | Subject: Radiation Biology
References
1. 1. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic radiation) (2000) United Nations General Assembly Vol. 1 Annex B United Nations, New York
2. Duong VH, Nguyen TD, Hegedűs M, et al. (2021) Assessment of 232Th, 226Ra, 137Cs, and 40 K concentrations and annual effective dose due to the consumption of Vietnamese fresh milk. J Radioanal Nucl Chem, 328: 1399-1404. [DOI:10.1007/s10967-021-07643-w]
3. Yii MW (2019) Measurement of activity concentrations in powdered milk and estimation of the corresponding annual effective dose. J Radioanal Nucl Chem, 320: 193-199. [DOI:10.1007/s10967-019-06460-6]
4. TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute) (2022) Milk and milk dairy production report number: 45747 Date: 14.02.2022 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Sut-ve-Sut-Urunleri-Uretimi-Aralik-2021-45747 access date: 21.04.2022
5. Hashim AK, Abbas RH, Naser MA, et al. (2021) Comparison study of CR-39 and CN-85 detectors to evaluate the alpha radioactivity of some samples of drinks in Iraq. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 167: 109410. [DOI:10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109410] [PMID]
6. Pereira WS, Lopes JM, Kelecom A, et al. (2021) Lifetime cancer risk increase due to consumption of some foods from a High Background Radiation Area. Appl Radiat Isot, 176: 109855. [DOI:10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109855] [PMID]
7. Silva C, Amaral R, Amaral A, et al. (2006) 226Ra in milk of the dairy cattle from the rural region of Pernambuco, Brazil. J Radioanal Nucl Chem, 270: 237-241. [DOI:10.1007/s10967-006-0376-2]
8. Machraoui S, Mohan M P, Naregundi K, Labidi S (2019) Baseline studies on radionuclide concentration in food materials and estimation of the committed radiation dose around the phosphate industrial area of south Tunisia. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 184(2): 263-273. [DOI:10.1093/rpd/ncy208] [PMID]
9. Kamenova-Totzeva RM, Totzev AV, Kotova RM, Badulin VM (2017) Radionuclides Content in Pasteurized Cow Milk: Dose Estimation. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 174(4): 464-470. [DOI:10.1093/rpd/ncw258] [PMID]
10. Kırıs E, Baltas H, Damla N, Ertugral B, Cevik U (2013) Radioactivity levels in some cow milks consumed in Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2): 29-38.
11. Agbalagba EO, Agbalagba HO, Avwiri GO (2016) Cost-benefit analysis approach to risk assessment of natural radioactivity in powdered and liquid milk products consumed in Nigeria. Environmental Forensics, 17(3): 191-202. [DOI:10.1080/15275922.2016.1177753]
12. Al-Kinani AT (2006) Depleted uranium in the food chain at south of Iraq. Int J Radiat Res, 4(3) :143-148.
13. Çetinkaya H and Biçer M (2021) Radon and radium measurements of Eskişehir Spa waters. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 194(2-3): 82-89. [DOI:10.1093/rpd/ncab081] [PMID]
14. Çetinkaya H, Manisa K, Işık U (2022) Radioactivity Content of Building Materials Used in Kutahya Province, Turkey. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 198(3): 167-174. [DOI:10.1093/rpd/ncac012] [PMID]
15. Jodłowski P (2006) Self-absorption correction in gamma-ray spectrometry of environmental samples - an overview of methods and correction values obtained for the selected geometries. Nukleonika, 51(2): 21-25.
16. Patra AC, Mohapatra S, Sahoo SK, et al. (2013) Age-dependent dose and health risk due to intake of uranium in drinking water from Jaduguda, India. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 155(2): 210-216. [DOI:10.1093/rpd/ncs328] [PMID]
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA



XML     Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Biçer M, Çetinkaya H. Measurement of radioactivity levels of liquid milk samples in Kütahya, Turkey. Int J Radiat Res 2023; 21 (3) :597-600
URL: http://ijrr.com/article-1-4922-en.html


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 21, Issue 3 (6-2023) Back to browse issues page
International Journal of Radiation Research
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.05 seconds with 50 queries by YEKTAWEB 4660