Background: Based on the principle of oxime formation, ¹⁸F labeling of polypeptides can be achieved via a reaction between an aldehyde group-containing ¹⁸F-prosthetic group and an aminooxy-modified polypeptide. The focus of this study was to investigate the one-step synthesis of 2-[¹⁸F] fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG)- arginine-arginine-leucine (RRL) from open-ring ¹⁸F-FDG and the aminooxy-modified RRL peptide cyclo(RRLfK)-ONH₂ and to study the biological distribution of ¹⁸F-FDG-RRL in a nude mouse model of human neuroglioma. Materials and Methods: The aminooxy-modified RRL peptide cyclo(RRLfK)-ONH₂ was used as the precursor to react with ¹⁸F-FDG at 100 ℃ and different pH values for 30 minutes to synthesize ¹⁸F-FDG-RRL. The labeling yield, radiochemical purity, and in-vitro stability of the product were measured, and the biological distribution of ¹⁸F-FDG-RRL in tumor-bearing nude mice was analyzed at 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes. Results: The labeling yield of ¹⁸F-FDG-RRL was (25.5±5.0) % at a pH of 2.0, and its radiochemical purity was greater than 95%. ¹⁸F-FDG-RRL was mainly excreted through the kidneys, with rapid blood clearance. One hour after injection, the uptake of ¹⁸F-FDG-RRL in tumors was (1.83±0.12) injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), with a tumor/muscle ratio of 7.03±0.04, a tumor/blood ratio of 4.36±0.21 and a tumor/brain ratio of 7.53±1.37. Conclusion: The synthesis of ¹⁸F-FDG-RRL can be achieved through oximation. This method is straightforward and easy to promote. ¹⁸F-FDG-RRL has rapid blood clearance and high uptake by tumors.